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Name: ______________________
Date: _______________
Block: ___________
Anatomical Orientation and Terminology Part I
Objective
1. To define anatomical position, and to use directional terms to locate the position of one
body part relative to another.
2. To explain the tree kinds of body planes used to study human anatomy.
3. To name the location of the major body cavities and sub-cavities, and indicate important
organs in each.
4. To use the regional terms to locate specific body areas.
I. Anatomical Position
Study the front facing diagram in figure 1.5 (p. 16). The individual in this figure is in
anatomical position. Note the position of the hands (palms forward) and the feet (toes
pointed straight ahead with feet flat on the ground), and that the subject is upright and
facing directly forward. Anatomical position is the standard position that we use as a
reference point for all anatomical descriptions, locations, and directions. All directional
terms assume that the body is in anatomical position when they are used, regardless of the
position the body is actually in. If we stand on our heads, our skull is still considered to be
superior to our torso, not inferior to it, even though in actuality we are “upside down”.
II. Directional Terminology
Directional terms are usually found in pairs because they show the directional location of a
body part in relation to the body as a whole. Use Table 1.1 (p. 15) to learn the following
terms. Next to each set of terms, write a description in your own words that will help you
remember them.
1.
superior vs. inferior -
2.
anterior vs. posterior -
3. ventral vs. dorsal 4.
medial vs. lateral -
5. proximal vs. distal 6. superficial vs. deep –
Name: ______________________
Date: _______________
Block: ___________
Now practice the above directional terms by describing the following relationships:
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
The thumb is ________________________________ to the ring finger
The spine is _________________________________ to the stomach
The ear is __________________________________ to the eye
The eyes are _________________________________ to the ears
The femur is _________________________________ to the thigh muscles
The lungs are _________________________________ to the heart
The shoulder is ________________________________ to the elbow
The nose is ___________________________________ to the mouth
The heart is _________________________________ to the spinal cord
III. Regional Terms
Study Fig. 1.5 (p. 16). You are responsible for learning both the proper anatomical term
and the common name of all of the body regions in figure 1.5. Make certain you
understand how the different terms relate to one another. After identifying these terms
in the textbook, have a classmate quiz you on these terms as you locate them on lab models
or on your body without looking at the textbook. Now test your understanding by matching
these common names with the correct anatomical term:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neck ____________________ 5. Back of knee___________________
Armpit __________________ 6. Thigh ________________________
Breastbone _______________ 7. Calf _________________________
Buttocks __________________8. Breastbone ___________________
Name: ______________________
Date: _______________
Block: ___________
Anatomical Orientation and Terminology Part II
Objective
1. To define anatomical position, and to use directional terms to locate the position of one
body part relative to another.
2. To explain the tree kinds of body planes used to study human anatomy.
3. To name the location of the major body cavities and sub-cavities, and indicate important
organs in each.
4. To use the regional terms to locate specific body areas.
IV. Sectional Terminology
A slice extending through a body or an organ produces an imaginary division called a plane.
The plane we slice through will determine how we are viewing the structure. Using figure
1.6 (p. 18) as a guide, identify each of the following planes on your own body. Next to each
of these terms, write a description (or draw a sketch) that will help you remember them.
1. Sagittal plane -
2. Median (mid-sagittal) plane -
3. Frontal plane -
4. Transverse plane IV. Body Cavities
Use figure 1.7 (p. 20) to identify the following body cavities. In the spaces below, write
the major organs contained in each cavity (you do not need to write every organ; 3 or 4 is
enough).
Dorsal body cavities:
- cranial cavity contains ________________________________________________
- spinal cavity contains ________________________________________________
Ventral body cavities:
- thoracic cavity contain ________________________________________________
- abdominal cavity contains _____________________________________________
Name: ______________________
Date: _______________
Block: ___________
- pelvic cavity contains _________________________________________________
The abdominopelvic cavity can either be divided into nine regions or four quadrants.
Identify these divisions and the major organs they contain using figure 1.8 and 1.9 (p. 20
and 21).
Regions (used mainly by anatomists):
- umbilical region contains ____________________________________________
- right lumbar region contains ___________________________________
- left lumbar region contains _____________________________________
- epigastric region contains ____________________________________________
- right hypochondriac region contains ___________________________________
- left hypochondriac region contains ____________________________________
- hypogastric region contains ____________________________________
- right illiac region contains ___________________________________
- left illiac region contains ____________________________________
Quadrants (used mainly by medical personnel)
- right upper quadrant contains __________________________________________
- left upper quadrant contains ___________________________________________
- right lower quadrant contains __________________________________________
- left lower quadrant contains ____________________________________________
Now test your understanding of the body cavities by completing the exercise below.
Match the body cavities that would have to be opened during the listed surgical procedure
(more than one choice may apply):
(a) abdominopelvic (b) thoracic (c) spinal (d) cranial
_____ Removal of a diseased lobe of the lung
_____ Removal of a brain tumor
_____ Operation on the liver
_____ Triple bypass surgery on the heart
_____ Removal of a segment of the large intestine