Download 2. Higher Particles and Waves Questions [ppt

Higher Particles
and Waves
QUESTION 1
The diagram below shows the apparatus used by
Rutherford to investigate the scattering of alpha
particles by a thin gold foil.
What three factors did Rutherford deduce about an
atom from the experiment?
QUESTION 2
Compared with a proton, an
alpha particle has
QUESTION 3
The symbols for two isotopes of Carbon are given
Carbon 14 and Carbon 12 are said to be isotopes of
Carbon as
QUESTION 4
From the nuclear disintegration below, which
row of the table shows the correct values of
X,Y and Z?
QUESTION 5
Part of a radioactive series is shown below. List the
correct values for X and Y which were omitted.
QUESTION 6
The equation below represents a nuclear
reaction.
What is this reaction an example of?
QUESTION 7
The symbol for a radioactive source used in
smoke alarms is
a) What information is given by the numbers
95 and 241?
b) From the decay equation below, state the
name of the radiation given off.
QUESTION 8
Calculate the energy released in
the nuclear fusion reaction below.
QUESTION 9
a) State the type of nuclear reaction taking place in
the above equation.
b) Explain using E = mc 2 , how energy is produced in
the reaction.
c) Using the data in the table below, calculate the
energy released in the reaction.
QUESTION 10
Using the information given in the table below:
a) Calculate the energy released in the nuclear
fusion reaction.
b) How many reactions need to occur per second
to produce a power of 40MW?
QUESTION 11
Find the refractive index for the
glass block shown below.
QUESTION 12
The diagram below shows a parallel beam of
monochromatic light emerging from an underwater
spotlight in an ornamental pond.
Calculate the absolute refractive index of the water in
the pond.
QUESTION 13
a) State the speed of light in air.
b) Calculate the speed of light within
a lens made of glass with a refractive
index of 1.48.
QUESTION 14
Light of frequency 6x1014Hz passes from
air into glass. The refractive index of the
glass is 1.50.
Calculate the wavelength of the light in the
glass.
QUESTION 15
A ray of red light travels from air into
glass as shown in the diagram below.
Calculate the critical angle for the glass.
QUESTION 16
A ray of monochromatic light of frequency 5x1014Hz is
incident on a glass block of refractive index 1.52.
Calculate or find:
a) Frequency of light in glass.
b) Angle of refraction in glass.
QUESTION 17
Light of wavelength 650nm passes from air into
water of refractive index of 1.33.
Calculate or find:
a) Frequency of light in water.
b) Velocity of light in water.
c) Wavelength of light in water.
QUESTION 18
A beam of light of frequency 4.85x1014Hz passes from
Air into Diamond. If the speed of light in Diamond is
1.24x108ms-1, calculate or find:
a) Refractive index of Diamond.
b) Frequency of light in Diamond.
c) Wavelength of light in Diamond.
d) Critical angle of Diamond.
QUESTION 19
A ray of light travelling through glass of refractive
index 1.54 approaches air as shown below.
a) Calculate the critical angle for the glass.
b) Draw the path that the ray of light will follow.
QUESTION 20
The diagram shows a ray of light passing
from air into glass and then into water.
Which is the correct path for the light?
QUESTION 21
An engineer creates an experimental window using
sheets of transparent plastics P,Q and R. A ray of light
is directed at the window follows the path shown.
Which row in the table gives possible values for the
three refractive indices of the three plastics?
QUESTION 22
The energy of a water wave depends
on its
QUESTION 23
Which of the following proves that light
is transmitted as waves?
QUESTION 24
S1 and S2 are coherent waves which produce an
interference pattern along the line XY. The first
maximum occurs at P, where S1P = 22cm and
S2P = 18cm.
Calculate the path difference at the third maximum at
R, where the path difference = S1R –S2R.
QUESTION 25
A microwave source at point O produces waves
of wavelength 28mm. A metal reflector is placed
as shown below. A constructive interference
pattern occurs at point X.
If the distance OX = 400mm, then find possible
values for the total path length OYX.
QUESTION 26
Two identical loudspeakers L1 and L2 are connected to
a signal generator as shown below.
A second minima is detected at point T.
If the wavelength of the sound is 40mm and
L1T = 500mm then calculate the distance L2T.
QUESTION 27
Two loudspeakers are connected to a
signal generator which produces a sound
with a frequency of 6800Hz.
QUESTION 27 (Cont’d)
a) The waves produced from the loudspeakers are
coherent. What does this mean?
b) Calculate the wavelength of the sound waves.
c) A microphone is placed at point A which is 1.25m
from one loudspeaker and 1.50m away from the
other loudspeaker. Explain whether constructive or
destructive interference is taking place at point A.
d) If one of the loudspeaker is switched off, then
explain how the amplitude of the sound would be
affected at point A .
QUESTION 28
A grating is placed in a colourless liquid in a container.
Laser light is passed through a grating of
200lines mm-1 as shown in the diagram below.
a) Calculate the wavelength of the laser light in the
liquid.
b) How would the spacing between the maxima be
affected if the experiment was repeated in a liquid of
greater refractive index?
QUESTION 29
A green filter is placed in front of a source of white
light, with the filtered light viewed through a
diffraction grating with 100 lines mm-1.
A pattern of bright and dark bands is observed.
Which of the following changes would decrease the
spacing between the bright bands?
QUESTION 30
When white light passes through a grating, maxima of
irradiance is produced on the screen as shown below.
In the continuous spectra, violet light is observed
closest to the central maxima.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
QUESTION 31
Monochromatic light is incident on a grating and
the resulting interference pattern is viewed on a
screen. The distance between the neighbouring
areas of constructive interference on the screen:
QUESTION 32
A spectrum of white light from a filament lamp may be
viewed using a grating or a prism. An LHS student is
asked to compare the spectra formed from the two
methods, made the following statements.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
QUESTION 33
A beam of light is passed through two optical
components P and Q as shown below.
Which row in the table below is correct?
QUESTION 34
The light Irradiance is 160 units at a
distance of 0.50m from a point source of
light in a darkened room.
Calculate the Light Irradiance at a point
2.0m from the source.
QUESTION 35
A photographic light meter indicates a
Light Irradiance of 4Wm-2 at a distance of
2.0m from a light source.
Calculate the separation from the light
source required to produce a light
Irradiance of 0.25Wm-2.
QUESTION 36
To demonstrate the photoelectric effect, radiation is
directed onto a surface of a clean charged zinc plate.
Which of the following sets of conditions is required to
produce the emission of photoelectrons from the zinc
plate?
QUESTION 37
When light of frequency f is shone on to a certain
metal, photoelectrons are ejected with a maximum
velocity v and kinetic energy EK.
Light of the same frequency but twice the Irradiance
is shone on to the metal.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
QUESTION 38
Ultraviolet radiation is incident on a clean zinc plate
with photoelectrons being ejected.
The clean zinc plate is replaced by a different metal
with a lower work function. Assuming that all of the
other conditions in the experiment are kept the same
which of the following statements is/are true for the
new metal?
QUESTION 39
Ultraviolet light causes the emission of photoelectrons
from a zinc plate.
If radiation of higher frequency is used in the
experiment, then which row of the following table
shows the effect of the change?
QUESTION 40
Photons of energy 6x10-19J are incident on a clean
metal surface of work function 8x10-19J.
Explain using the graph below why photoelectric
emission will not take place in this instance.
QUESTION 41
The minimum energy required to eject an electron from
a certain metal is 3x10-19J.
Light of frequency 4.8x1014Hz is incident on the metal
Which of the following statements is correct?
QUESTION 42
a) What is meant by the ‘work function of a metal’
being 6.4x10-19J?
b) Light of frequency 1.2x1015Hz is shone on to the
metal surface. Find out whether these photons of
light will cause photoelectric emission.
c) The light is then replaced by another light of
frequency 1.5x1015Hz. How much extra energy is
available for the electrons after they are released
and in which form does it take?
QUESTION 43
Photons come from three lamps that emit red, green
and blue light as shown below.
Explain in detail how the diagram below relates to
these colours of light in relation to the photoelectric
effect.
QUESTION 44
Photons of energy 9x10-19J are incident on a clean
metal surface of work function 7x10-19J.
Calculate or find:
a) Frequency of the photons.
b) Kinetic energy of the electrons leaving the metal
surface.
c) Speed of the electrons leaving the metal surface.
QUESTION 45
Which graph shows the relationship between
frequency f and wavelength λ of photons of
electromagnetic radiation?
QUESTION 46
An atom has the energy levels shown in the diagram.
How many emission lines are produced by transitions
between these energy levels?
QUESTION 47
In the energy level diagram below, calculate the
highest frequency of radiation emitted due to a
transition between two of these energy levels.
QUESTION 48
Part of an energy level diagram for an atom is shown.
X and Y represent two possible electron transitions.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
QUESTION 49
An LED produces light of wavelength λ.
The energy of a photon of light emitted by this diode
is given by:
QUESTION 50
Which of the following statements could explain the
faint dark lines observed in the spectrum of sunlight
when viewed through a high quality spectroscope?
QUESTION 51
The diagram below represents possible energy
levels of an atom.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
QUESTION 52
The diagram below represents some electron
transitions between the energy levels in an atom.
a) Does this energy level diagram show absorption
or emission spectra?
b) Show by calculation whether E3 -> E0 or E3 ->E2
involves the highest wavelength of the 5 possible
transitions.
QUESTION 53
In a laser, a photon is emitted when an electron makes
a transition from a higher energy level to a lower
energy level, as shown below.
The energy in each pulse of the laser is 10J.
Calculate how many photons there are in each pulse.
QUESTION 54
The diagram below shows the energy levels of the
Hydrogen atom.
QUESTION 54 (Cont’d)
Answer the following questions from the Hydrogen energy
level diagram shown.
a) State the number of transition lines possible.
b) What is name given to the lowest possible energy level
and where is it located?
c) How can you tell from the transition lines whether it is an
absorption or emission spectra?
d) Calculate the highest frequency of photons absorbed in the
Hydrogen absorption spectra.
e) Calculate the longest wavelength of photons emitted in the
Hydrogen emission spectra.
f) Calculate the frequency of a photon that an electron in the
lowest energy level needs to absorb to escape from the atom.
g) In the emission spectra why are the emission lines not all
of equal brightness?
QUESTION 55
The potential difference between two points is
QUESTION 56
A spark crosses the gap between the electrodes at
the end of a spark plug. The potential difference
across the gap is 600V.
Calculate the electrical energy produced by the
spark if it transfers a charge of 1.2x10-5C.
QUESTION 57
An LHS student writes the following statements
about electric fields.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
QUESTION 58
The circuit below shows a 6V battery connected to
two parallel metal plates A and B which are 0.30m
apart.
Calculate the work done required to move 2C of
charge from plate A to plate B.
QUESTION 59
An electron is accelerated from rest in an electron
gun across a potential difference of 2kV.
Calculate or find:
a) Electrical work done on the electron.
b) Kinetic energy gained by the electron.
c) Maximum speed reached by the electron.
QUESTION 60
A linear accelerator is used to accelerate protons.
The accelerator consists of hollow metal tubes in a
vacuum connected to a 35kV supply.
If the protons are travelling at 1.4x106ms-1 at point R,
then calculate or find:
a) Work done on a proton as it accelerates from R to S.
b) The speed of the proton as it reaches S.
QUESTION 61
a) State what the first finger, second finger and
thumb are used to represent in the right hand rule.
b) State how the three quantities in a) are aligned
with each other.
c) What happens to the direction of the current when
the direction of the force is reversed?
QUESTION 62
a)What is a cyclotron?
b)How have cyclotrons proved useful to physicists?
c)What happens to the motion of the charged particles
when they reach the gap between the ‘dees’?
QUESTION 63
A positively charged particle enters a magnetic field
as shown below. The direction of the magnetic field
is ‘out of the page’ with the particle following a
semicircular path before exiting the field.
State whether the particle will leave the magnetic
field at point P or point Q.
QUESTION 64
An electron follows the path shown below as it passes
through a magnetic field directed ‘into the page’.
The electron is substituted for an alpha particle and
the experiment is repeated.
Sketch the path of the alpha particle in the magnetic
field.
QUESTION 65
The four fundamental forces of nature are called gravitational,
electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear.
a) What is so significant about the gravitational force
compared to the other forces?
b) Where is the electromagnetic force deemed important?
c) Where does the strong nuclear force take place and over
what range does it act?
d) What is the weak nuclear force associated with?
QUESTION 66
a) What unusual property do quarks have?
b) State the charge on an up–quark and on a
down-quark.
c) What composition of quarks will make up a proton
and a neutron?
QUESTION 67
Every particle has its own antiparticle.
a) State the name of the antiparticle of an electron.
b) How do matter and anti-matter particles compare
in mass and charge?
c) What would happen if a matter particle and its
anti-matter particle collided?
QUESTION 68
a) What are Gluons, W and Z Gauge Bosons,
Gravitons and Photons collectively are known as?
b) State the fundamental force of nature that each of
these particles are associated with.
QUESTION 69
a) What does the term Hadron mean and where does
it come from?
b) What are particles that are described as Mesons?
c) What are particles that are described as Baryons?
QUESTION 70
Which of the following statements that an LHS
student made about an electron is/are true?
QUESTION 71
In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) beams of
Hadrons travel in opposite directions in a circular
accelerator and then collide. The accelerating
particles are guided around the collider by strong
magnetic fields.
State and explain whether protons or neutrons can
be used as the particles in the LHC.
The End