Download 1 Anat 35 Intro

HumanAnatomy
Unit1
IntroductiontoHumanAnatomy
IntroductiontotheSkeletalSystem
InAnatomyToday
• WelcometoAnatomy
35!
• Introductionto
Anatomy
• Syllabus
• STEMCenter61-3318
• AnatomicalTerminology
Exam
– 25questions
– Bringascantron
ANATOMY
• Thestudyofbodystructures
• Literallymeans“tocutup;
todissect”
De Corporis Humani Fabrica,
Vesalius, 1543
AnatomicalPosition
• AnatomicalPosition
– standingorlyingonyourback,face,palmsandfeet
forward
• TheLongitudinalMidlineAxis
– Imaginarystraightlinefromtopofyourheadthroughthe
restofyourbody
– Everystructureispositionedinafieldsurroundingthisaxis
AnatomicalLandmarks
Occiptal
Sternal
Vertebral
Dorsum
Perineum
Sacral
DirectionalTerms
• Anterior/Posterior
– Ventral/Dorsal
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Superior/Inferior
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Superficial/Deep
Internal/External
Central/Peripheral
Visceral/Parietal
Ipsilateral/Contralateral
Supine/Prone
Supine/Prone
OrganizationoftheHumanBody
• Thebodyisorganizedintoseparateand
distinctspacescalledbodycavities
– Cranialcavity
• Vertebralcanal
– Thoraciccavity
• 2pleuralcavities
• Pericardialcavity
– AbdominopelvicCavity
• Quadrants
• Regions
BodyCavities
BodyCavities
AbdominopelvicQuadrants
AbdominopelvicRegions
SkeletalSystem
• Inlabyouwillbelearning:
1. Toidentifyeachboneinthebody
2. Todeterminethehandednessofpairedbones
3. Toidentifybonefeatures
• Bonesprovideaframeworktosupportyour
bodyandprotectyourinternalorgans
• Somebonefeaturesserveasattachment
pointsformuscles,tendonsandjoints
SkeletalSystem
OrganizationoftheSkeleton
MajorDivisions
• Axial
– bonesthatformtheaxisofthebody
– supportandprotecttheorgansofthehead,neck
andtrunk
• Appendicular
– thebonesoftheupperandlowerextremities+2
bonygirdlesthatattachtheextremitiestothe
axialskeleton
AxialSkeleton
•
•
•
•
•
•
Skull
Earossicles
Hyoidbone
Sternum
Vertebrae
Ribs
AppendicularSkeleton
• PelvicGirdle
– Oscoxae
• LowerLimb
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
• PectoralGirdle
– Scapula
– Clavicle
• Upperlimb
–
–
–
–
–
–
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
NumberofBones:
AxialSkeleton
Structure
Cranial
Facial
Auditoryossicles
Hyoid
Vertebralcolumn(fusion)
Ribcage
Total
Fetus
8
14
6
1
33±1
25
87±1
Adult
8
14
6
1
26±1
25
80±1
NumberofBones:
AppendicularSkeleton
Structure
Fetus
Adult
Pectoralgirdle
4
4
Upperextremities
60
60
Pelvicgirdle(fusion)
6
2
Lowerextremities
60
60
Total
130
126
Totalskeleton
217
206
BoneFeatures
• Bonefeaturesarebumps,grooves,
depressions,openings,etc.
• Boneswillhavearticular andnon-articular
features
– Articulation:where2ormorebonesarein
contactwithoneanotheratjoints
– Non-articularfeaturesserveaspointsof
attachmentformuscleseitherdirectlyorvia
tendonsandforligamentattachment
ArticularSurfaceFeatures
• Facet
– smoothflatarticulating
surface
• Condyle
– smoothrounded
articulatingknob
• Head
– prominentcondyleona
neck
Non- ArticularSurfaceFeatures
• Crestorline
– narrowridge
• Tuberosity
– largeroughened
surface
• Tubercle
– smallroundedrough
process
• Epicondyle
– aroughened
projectionnexttoa
condyle
• Trochanter
– massiveroughened
process(femuronly)
• Process
– anymarkedbony
prominence
• Spine
– alongslender
process
Depressions/Openings
• Fossa
– aflattenedshallow
depression
• Sulcus
– narrow,longgroove
• Alveolus
– asocket(teeth)
• Sinus
– acavity
– Anairspacewithinbone
• Meatus
– blindendedcanal
(temporalbone)
• Fissure
– awideslitinbone
• Foramen(foramina)
– anyopeninginbone
• Canal
– longforamen