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Ant Management Research Priorities Mark A. Robertson PhD Ultimate Goals Risk Pest Management Efficacy Economy Goals • Development and adoption of systems that reduce risks – Promote adoption of best management practices and IPM – Promote development of new, economical solutions that do not trade one environmental problem for another Tools to Promote Adoption • Education promotes adoption of reduced risk practices when the practices are: – – – • effective economically advantageous easy to perform If not, then other actions may be possible – Financial and social incentives • • • – Direct financial assistance Market incentives such as third party certification Social approval, prestige Regulation DPR Functions A. B. Registration of pesticide products and label language Environmental Monitoring of potential pesticide contamination both point source and non point source C. Enforcement of pesticide regulations D. Licensing and Continuing Education of applicators E. Worker Health and Safety monitoring and mitigation F. Medical Toxicology assessment of risks to human health G. Pest Management Analysis and Planning to promote pesticide alternatives and reduced risk practices through grants, contracts, training and outreach Ant Mangement Pesticides • About 2200 products are registered for use on ants in California. • About 100 active ingredients • AIs that may cause water contamination are of greatest concern: – – – – Organophosphates Carbamates Pyrethroids Fipronil Urban Use of Pesticides • Pesticides of concern for urban surface water quality – bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, tralomethrin – malathion, fipronil, carbaryl – (Formerly: diazinon, chlorpyrifos) • Focus is on pyrethroids, but malathion & fipronil use are also increasing Urban Use Estimation Urban Use = Reported Urban Use* + Homeowner Use** * Reported Urban Use is an under estimate: includes Structural, Landscape Maintenance, Rights-of-way, Public Health, Vertebrate Control, Uncultivated Non-Ag sites, Food Processing Plants, etc., but not including some typical Agricultural uses, (i.e., Nurseries, Greenhouses, Sod/turf etc.) **Homeowner-use pesticides do not require reporting Homeowner Use Estimation Estimated Homeowner Use = Sales – Reported Use Example: Estimated Homeowner (OTC) sales of bifenthrin 2004/05 = 13,000 lb ai Scotts Miracle Grow actual OTC sales of bifenthrin 2004/05 = 11,000 lb ai Pyrethroids Used 2004-2005 • 80% of Pyrethroid use was by professional applicators Estimated Homeowner Use 4% Agricultural 16% Urban 80% *California estimated pounds of permethrin equivalent Bifenthrin in 2004-2005 • 61% of Bifenthrin use was by professional applicators Homeowner Use 15% Agricultural 24% Reported Urban 61% *Bifenthrin is about 15% of all California urban pyrethroid use Bifenthrin Urban Use 2004-2005 • 72% of Bifenthrin use was for structural pest control (mostly exterior) Other homeowner use Homeowner 12% lawns 8 % Other urban reported 4% Reported landscape maintenance 4% Reported structural 72% Pyrethroids in California Waters and Sediments • Organisms living in sediments are most at risk, eg. Hyalella azteca (amphipod) • Toxicity is found in both urban and agriculture environments • Largest pyrethroid contributors: bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin Research Priorities • • • • • • • Pesticide application technology Mitigation of surface water contamination Non-Chemical pest management Contained bait technologies Reduced-risk pesticides and pesticide formulations Data collection and management Economics of alternative management practices Summary • Do not replace one environmental problem with another • Surface water contamination is a great concern, • Mitigation through adoption of reduced risk management practices and products • Research Priorities – Identification and validation of new technologies including new formulations and delivery systems – Monitoring – Mitigation practices – Economic evaluation of alternative practices Thank you !
