Download Unit 4 Terms

Key Terms
Unit 4.1
Aorta
Aortic Valve
Artery
Atrium
Cardiovascular
System
Cell
Inferior Vena
Cava
Mitral Valve
Pulmonary
Circulation
Superior Vena
Cava
Systemic
Circulation
Tissue
Tricuspid Valve
Valve
Vein
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be
distributed by branch arteries through the body.
The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle
that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic-walled
vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
An anatomical cavity or passage; especially a chamber of the
heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a
ventricle or ventricles.
The transport system of the body responsible for carrying
oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon
dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood
vessels, and blood.
The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of
functioning independently.
A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns
blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below
the diaphragm.
A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left
atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle
from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid
valve.
The passage of venous blood from the right atrium of the heart
through the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to the lungs
where it is oxygenated and its return via the pulmonary veins
to enter the left atrium and participate in systemic circulation.
A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and
returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper
half of the body.
The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body
organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium
via the veins.
An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure,
or both.
A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the
heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral
valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous
flaps.
A body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice,
or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.
A vessel that returns blood to the heart.
4.2
Atrioventricular
Node
Blood Pressure
Cardiology
Diastole
Diastolic Pressure
Electrocardiogram
(EKG)
Heart Rate
A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the
atrioventricular junction in the heart.
Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood
vessels, especially arteries, usually measured by means of
a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of
mercury.
The study of the heart and its action and diseases.
The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is
relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.
A measurement of heart electrical activity.
A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the
number of beats per minute.
Hypertension
An abnormally high blood pressure.
Pacemaker
An electrical device for stimulating or steadying the
heartbeat or reestablishing the rhythm of an arrested heart.
Pulse
The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from
heart contraction; can be felt from the outside of the body.
Sinoatrial Node
A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers,
ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the
musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the
impulses stimulating the heartbeat -- called also S-A node,
sinus node.
Sphygmomanometer An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially
arterial blood pressure.
Systole
The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle
contracts and the chambers pump blood.
Systolic Pressure
The pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.
4.3
Allele
Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable
phenotypic effects.
Atherosclerosis
Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid
deposits on the artery walls.
Cholesterol
A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell
membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the
synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
Electrophoresis
The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or
gel under the action of an electromotive force applied to
electrodes in contact with the suspension.
Familial
A metabolic disorder that is caused by defective or absent
Hypercholesterolemia receptors for LDLs on cell surfaces, that is marked by an
increase in blood plasma LDLs and by an accumulation of
LDLs in the body resulting in an increased risk of heart
attack and coronary heart disease, and that is inherited as
Genotype
HDL (High Density
Lipoprotein)
Heterozygous
Homozygous
LDL (Low Density
Lipoprotein)
Mutation
PCR
(Polymerase Chain
Reaction)
Phenotype
Restriction Enzyme
4.4
Angiogram
Angioplasty
Coronary Bypass
Heart Attack
Heart Disease
Metabolic
Syndrome
an autosomal dominant trait.
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or
group.
A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of
cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of
phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An HDL
particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein,
LDL, and may be correlated with a decreased risk of blood
vessel blockage.
Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of
cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of
phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An LDL
particle carries more cholesterol than a related lipoprotein,
HDL, and high LDL levels in the blood correlate with a
tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart
disease.
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating
genetic diversity.
A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by
incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase
molecules, and nucleotides.
The physical and physiological traits of an organism that
are determined by its genetic makeup.
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide
sequences and cuts up DNA.
The radiographic visualization of blood vessels after the
injection of radiopaque substance.
Surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel.
A surgical bypass operation performed to shunt blood around
an obstruction in a coronary artery that involves grafting one
end of a segment of vein removed from another part of the
body into the aorta and the other end into the coronary artery
beyond the obstructed area to allow for increased blood flow.
An acute episode of heart disease marked by death or
damage of heart muscle due to insufficient blood supply to the
heart muscle usually as a result of coronary thrombosis or a
coronary occlusion and that is characterized especially by
chest pain.
An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.
A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more
of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal
obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high
fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk
Risk Factor
Stenting
Stroke
of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Something which increases risk or susceptibility.
A surgical procedure or operation for inserting a stent, a mold
to keep a passageway open, into an anatomical vessel.
Sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary
motion caused by rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of a
blood vessel of the brain.