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PHI 220 David Hume and the virtue of benevolence
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Eactivity:
Go to the American Philanthropic Website to read the article
titled “David Hume and the virtue of benevolence”, dated
December 9, 2011, located at
http://www.philanthropydaily.com/?p=7752. (Note: Some
believe that the “contextual character” of Hume’s approach to
virtue has given rise to the accusation that he is the originator of
modern relativism, and the view that what is “good” depends
entirely on context and opinion.) Be prepared to discuss.
Ethics Discussion Question:
Debate It; Take a position for or against Harris’ proposal for a
“Survival Lottery.” Provide reasons and examples to support
your view.
From the e-Activity, discuss your level of agreement or
disagreement with the author’s view that benevolence and
justice make a pair; that is, when benevolence cannot provide
for social utility, cold justice ensures that social utility is served.
Provide reasons and examples to support your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion Assignment Critique of the Kantianism
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·
Discuss your level of agreement or disagreement with
Kant’s “categorical Imperative” and respond to this question:
Can people determine in every circumstance what “the right
thing to do” would be? Provide reasons and examples to support
your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion Happiness and the Virtues
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"Happiness and the Virtues" Please respond to the following:
eActivity: View the video titled “Ethical Theory: Aristotle's
Virtue Ethics, Solitary Confinement, and Supererogatory
Actions” on YouTube video, (5 min 11 s), located at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ83U1Nx_dI.
From the e-Activity and Aristotle’s essay, analyze Aristotle’s
claim that reason determines right action. Discuss how this
process occurs and how it is related to the general principle that
virtuous action is a “mean” between extremes. Then, discuss the
prisoner’s views about isolation. Discuss your agreement or
disagreement with Aristotle’s view of happiness. Provide
reasons and examples to support your view.
Debate It: Take a position for or against Augustine's claim:
“Virtue gives perfection to the soul; the soul obtains virtue by
following God; following God is the happy live.” Provide
reasons and examples to support your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion Jealousy, Envy, and Grudge
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Jealousy, Envy, and Grudge" Please respond to the following:
eActivity: Read Immanuel Kant’s views titled “Virtue and
Vice”, located at http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kantmoral/#VirVic.
From the e-Activity and Kant’s essay, debate whether it is
possible to envy others without begrudging their happiness.
Describe how Kant views this issue. Provide reasons and
examples to support your view.
Kant’s claim: “Until one achieves a permanent change in the
will's orientation . . . a revolution in which moral righteousness
is the nonnegotiable condition of any of one's pursuits, all of
one's actions that are in accordance with duty are nevertheless
morally worthless.”
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PHI 220 Discussion Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
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Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" Please respond to the
following:
Compare Jonathan Edwards’ presentation, which claims that
divine judgment will be brought down on a person who yields to
vice, to Plutarch’s argument that there “is no pleasure in vice”.
Discuss the issue, and provide examples of possible alternative
incentives to avoid vice.
Explain how, in your view, a belief in “original sin” might
influence a person’s approach to moral education. Provide
reasons and examples to support your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion Social Action and Fairness
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Debate It. Take a position for or against Singer’s claim that each
person has a serious moral obligation to do something about
world hunger. Provide reasons and examples to support your
view.
Evaluate Fullinwider’s claim that a company’s record of
discrimination will keep reproducing itself in spite of its good
intentions not to discriminate. Provide reasons and examples to
support your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy
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"The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy" Please respond to the
following:
·
Debate It: Take a position for or against this statement:
The moral philosophy of the Holocaust suggests that morals are
relative, not absolute. Provide reasons and examples to support
your view.
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PHI 220 Discussion The Judeo-Christian Tradition
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"The Judeo-Christian Tradition and John Stuart Mill,
"Utilitarianism" Please respond to the following:
•Analyze the morality of behavior described in Psalms and in
Luke "The Sermon on the Plain." Discuss at least three moral
ideals with which you agree or disagree. Provide reasons and
examples to support your view.
•Discuss your level of agreement of disagreement with Mill's
"Utilitarianism." Provide reasons and examples to support your
view.
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PHI 220 Discussion Virtues and Vices
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"Virtues and Vices" Please respond to the following:
•Analyze and comment on Epictetus’ statement as it relates to
behaving with virtue: “Some things are up to us and some are
not up to us.”
•Analyze the claim by Foot that “virtue belongs to the will.”
Explain your understanding of the relationship between virtue
and the will. Is virtue a relevant influence to our lives today?
Provide reasons and examples to support your view.
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PHI 220 Midterm Exam
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Course Ethics
Question 1 .0 out of 2 points
In “From Cruelty to Goodness,” Hallie argues that the opposite
of cruelty is __________.
. Question 2 .2 out of 2 points
Josiah Royce argues that ________ has fundamental moral
significance in our relationship to our neighbor.
. Question 3 .2 out of 2 points
According to Hallie, the subtlest kind of cruelty is ________
cruelty.
. Question 4 .2 out of 2 points
Philip Hallie’s approach to ethics emphasizes __________.
. Question 5 .0 out of 2 points
For Royce, we must come to realize that __________.
. Question 6 .2 out of 2 points
Which of the following does Hallie accuse Bennett of wrongly
disregarding in his ranking of immoral actions?
. Question 7 .0 out of 2 points
In his “The Evil that Men Think – and Do,” Hallie argues that
many contemporary analyzers of evil are misguided because
they __________.
. Question 8 .2 out of 2 points
In “From Cruelty to Goodness,” Hallie states that ethics
involves __________
. Question 9 .2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is a positive ethical rule?
. Question 10 .0 out of 2 points
Fluehr-Leben was influenced by ________ in her rejection of
relativism.
. Question 11 .2 out of 2 points
The ________ Thesis is the claim that morality derives its
legitimacy from individual cultural acceptance.
. Question 12 .2 out of 2 points
Martin Luther King, Jr., in his “I Have a Dream” speech,
appeals to ________ rights.
. Question 13 .2 out of 2 points
Which one of the following is not a right present in the UN
Declaration of Human Rights?
. Question 14 .2 out of 2 points
Which one of the following does Herodotus refer to in support
of relativism?
. Question 15 .0 out of 2 points
Ethical pluralism is the view that __________.
. Question 16 .0 out of 2 points
Fluehr-Leben argues that anthropologists __________.
. Question 17 .0 out of 2 points
Heroditus believed that morality is based on __________.
. Question 18 .2 out of 2 points
The person who believes in ethical relativism believes that there
are __________.
. Question 19 .2 out of 2 points
Which of the following claims does Pojman not argue for?
. Question 20 .0 out of 2 points
We should be virtuous because ________, argues Colin
McGinn.
. Question 21 .0 out of 2 points
James Rachels argues that a good response to the ethical egoist
is to say that __________.
. Question 22 .2 out of 2 points
David Hume ________ the belief that those who appear
benevolent, friendly, or faithful are really just doing so under
false pretense in the pursuit of some private interest.
. Question 23 .0 out of 2 points
David Hume thinks that ________ refutes egoism.
. Question 24 .0 out of 2 points
Which of the following philosophers believes that altruistic
ethics is responsible for immorality, injustice, and conflict?
. Question 25 .0 out of 2 points
James Rachels believes that there ________ to accept
psychological egoism.
. Question 26 .2 out of 2 points
If a person has the virtue of ________, then she has the capacity
to make up her own mind based on the relevant evidence and
facts, and is not swayed by the pressure to conform.
. Question 27 .0 out of 2 points
The honest person ________ tells other people what she thinks
about them.
. Question 28 .2 out of 2 points
The absolute altruist holds that __________.
. Question 29 .2 out of 2 points
The story of the Ring of Gyges is employed by Glaucon to
illustrate the claim that __________.
. Question 30 .2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is not a confusion that helps remove the
plausibility of psychological egoism?
. Question 31 .0 out of 2 points
The primary ethical focus of the Sermon on the Mount is
________.
. Question 32 .2 out of 2 points
What makes right acts right, according to the Divine Command
Theory?
. Question 33 .0 out of 2 points
For Mill, when calculating the utility of any particular action,
we must include the happiness it will produce for __________.
.
. Question 34 .2 out of 2 points
Any moral theory that does not absolutely prohibit ________ is
thereby to be rejected, according to Fred Sommers.
. Question 35 .2 out of 2 points
According to Hume, morality originates from __________.
. Question 36 .0 out of 2 points
According to Richard Taylor, the task of moral philosophy is to
__________.
. Question 37 .2 out of 2 points
The Sermon on the Mount tells us that we should imitate
________.
. Question 38 .0 out of 2 points
According to Mill, the pleasures of the intellect have ________
the pleasures of the senses.
. Question 39 .0 out of 2 points
Which moral theory holds that the consequences of an action
determine the moral worth of that action?
. Question 40 .2 out of 2 points
According to John Stuart Mill, ________ is the fundamental
concern of ethics.
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PHI 220 Week 4 Assignment 1 Analysis Of A Philosopher’s
Views
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Read “Egoism and Moral Skepticism” by James Rachels,
located in Chapter 3: Morality and Self Interest. Discuss his
views and provide a valid and logical analysis and response.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
Analyze James Rachel’s arguments regarding psychological
egoism and ethical egoism.
Provide at least two (2) examples that support the idea of moral
skepticism.
Discuss whether or not morality is possible in light of egoism,
providing a rationale and examples to support your position.
Include at least three (3) credible, academic references. (Do not
use such open sources as Wikipedia, About, Ask.)
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional
instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
Explain the views of the main philosophers and the primary
ethical concepts associated with each of the major ethical
theories presented in the course.
Recognize basic ethical theories, such as Divine Command
Theory, Relativism, Utilitarianism, Kantianism, Social Contract
Theory, Egoism, and Virtue Ethics.
Demonstrate an understanding of how to examine questions and
issues from diverse ethical perspectives and how these different
ethical perspectives can be applied to evaluate contemporary
ethical dilemmas.
Demonstrate recognition of the role and function of moral
arguments addressing traditional and contemporary moral
issues.
Present complex ethical ideas, theories, and perspectives fairly,
objectively, and critically.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in
ethics.
Write clearly and concisely about ethics using proper writing
mechanics.