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Class: ____________
U.S. History
Unit 10 – Vocabulary
Section 2 – The Reagan/Bush Years
Heritage Foundation

Founded in 1973

The Heritage Foundation is a _______________________________ think tank

It’s members are writers, researchers, and speakers who argue for conservative political ideas, such as
__________________________ and __________________________, as well as many others
Moral Majority

A fundamentalist _______________________________ organization founded in 1979

Lobbied for _______________________________

At the forefront of the “Christian Right,” who constitute a powerful segment of the conservative
_______________________________
Iran Hostage Crisis

1979 - 52 Americans were held hostage for __________ in the U.S. Embassy in
_______________________________.

The Iranian militants hoped that taking these hostages would force the United States to return the shah
(Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) to Iran for trial.
Ayatollah Khomeini

A _______________________________ Islamic leader that forced the shah to flee Iran

He established an Islamic republic

Beginnings of ____________________________________________________________
Ronald Reagan

Promised to “_________________________________________________________”

Won presidential election with vice-president running mate George H.W. Bush

Won with 489 electoral votes to 49 for Carter
Supply-side economics

Often referred to as “_______________________________”

“Trickle-down” theory that argued that lowering the top income tax rates would spur
_______________________________
Peace through Strength

A conservative slogan supporting _______________________________ for the purpose of
creating peaceful international relations

Ronald Reagan used the phrase in political campaigning during his election challenge against Jimmy Carter
in the 1980 election
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

aka “_______________________________”

Plan for a defense system in space to protect the United States from _______________________________

Never actually implemented
Marine barracks bombing in Lebanon

U.S. Marines were deployed to _______________________________ as part of a multinational force from
1982 to 1984

The mission was to enable the Lebanese Government to resume _______________________________
over its capital

In 1983, an attack on the American Marines barracks killed 241
U.S. Foreign Policy with Israel

The U.S. recognized _______________________________ as a nation in 1948

The United States provided Israel moderate amounts of economic aid, mostly as loans for
_______________________________

Israel was granted "major non-NATO ally" status in 1989 that gave it access to expanded
_______________________________ and opportunities to bid on U.S. defense contracts
Sandra Day O’Connor

First _______________________________ ever to serve on the Supreme Court

Appointed by _______________________________ in 1981
Iran Contra Affair

Name given to the 1980’s scandal in which the Reagan Administration
_______________________________ to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages in Lebanon

Then used the profits from the sale to fund the Contras (who were fighting communism) in
_________________________
Mikhail Gorbachev

Became leader of the __________________ in 1985, marking a new era of Soviet history
Glasnost

Gorbachev’s _______________________________ that promised more freedom for the Soviet people

Gorbachev’s plan to _______________________________ the Soviet economy and government
Perestroika

Gorbachev’s plan to restructure the Soviet ____________________________________________
Challenger

Space shuttle carrying a civilian, social studies teacher Christa McAuliffe, that exploded

___________________________________________________ on board in January 1986

One of the worst disasters in _________________’s history
George H.W. Bush

Elected president in 1988, defeating Michael Dukakis

Was Vice President under Reagan and a former head of the ________________________

Father of President George W. Bush and former Governor of Florida Jeb Bush
Fall of the Berlin Wall
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November 9, 1989

Weeks of civil unrest forced the East German government to abandon its policy of using
_______________________________ to prevent people from crossing the wall.
Fall of the Soviet Union

Formally enacted on December 26, 1991

After months of various _______________________________ declaring their independence, the Soviet
government declared themselves out of existence

The country of _______________________________ was recognized by the United Nations as the official
successor to the Soviet Union
Operation Desert Storm

1991

Fighting began on January 17th, and was over February 28th

UN invasion led by the United States to make _______________________________ withdraw from
Kuwait

34 nation ______________________________ (an alliance of combined action)

Saddam Hussein promised “__________________________________________________”
Americans with Disabilities Act

1990 signed by Bush

The act prohibits discrimination against people with _______________________ or
_______________________________ in employment, transportation, telephone services and public
buildings
Robert Johnson

Robert L. Johnson was born on April 8, 1946, in Hickory, Mississippi. Johnson founded
_______________________________________________ in 1979 with his wife, Sheila.

He became the first _______________________________ billionaire after selling the network to Viacom
in 2001.
Lionel Sosa

Sosa is the founder of Sosa, Bromley, Aguilar & Associates, now _______________________________,
the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the U.S.

He is an acknowledged expert in Hispanic _____________________________________
Sam Walton

Walton opened the first _______________________________ in 1962

The discount chain expanded internationally growing into the
______________________________________________________________ by 2010.

Walton stepped down as CEO in 1988, at the age of 70, but remained active in the company until his death
in 1992
Societal issues of the 80’s

In the 1980s, both in the cities and in rural and suburban areas, local governments strove to deal with crises
in health, education, and safety.

Americans directed their attention to issues such as ______________, ______________, ______________,
and ___________________.