Download wireless power transmission using mutual inductance

DOI 10.4010/2016.1518
ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC
Research Article
Volume 6 Issue No. 6
Wireless Power Transmission Using Mutual Inductance
Anil Kumar1, Rajbir2 Arshee Siddqui3, Shreya Pahuja4, Mohita Sukalikar5, Vaibhav Gambhir 6
Department of Electronics and Communication
Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract:
Representation of WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION USING THE TECHNIQUE OF MUTUAL INDUCTANCE MODEL
is being designed in this paper to show that equipments can be run without any usage of wires and just by transmitting power to
them wirelessly. This model is also focusing on the needs to saving on electricity for future use and also more efficient, where
many equipments can be run through single transmitter without any involvement of tedious work of wires which are not
completely efficient as they also cause loss of power during transmission. Also this paper can be used as a reference for further
development as per coming technological advancements in the subject of wireless power transmission.
1. INTRODUCTION
In today’s world electricity is the basic necessity of modern
life without which it is difficult to imagine passing even a
single day. The conventional use of is although made
possible through the usage of wires only . Although in
present day electricity generation system is not much
efficient in terms of energy transfer. Almost about 20 to
30% of energy is lost during the time of distributing the
electricity. Also, other than that in past times, product
designers and engineers have faced many challenges that
involve power: the continuity in power supply, recharging
of batteries. Although those challenges are still remaining ,
new demands arising from increased usage of mobile
devices and operation in wet environments that means in
like rainy seasons ,which means that designers hence
require new approaches in supplying power [1]. Also in
today’s world it is must to save on to electricity which in
conventional use is being spent much more than required.
Hence as necessity is mother of invention wireless power
transfer (WPT).
WPT is the transfer of electric energy from a power source
to an electric load without a direct physical connection
between them, usually via an electromagnetic field [2].The
basic function of WPT is allowing electrical devices to be
continuously getting charged and losing constraint of a
power cord [3]. Hence using this efficient way of
transmission of electric power from one point to another in
vacuum or an atmosphere with no use of wire or any other
substance. It also has applications where
either an
instantaneous amount or a continuous energy supply is
needed, also stating the fact that conventional wires are at
times unaffordable, also inconvenient as well as expensive
and hazardous or impossible. The power can be transmitted
using microwaves, through magnetic induction method also
lasers. WPT is a technology which can transport power to
even remote locations, sometimes are impractical to reach
[4].
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW
This concept of wireless transmission of electricity is not
something new, but dating back to the 19th century, when
the physicist Nikola Tesla used the system of conduction
instead of the commonly used resonance magnetic fields in
transferring wireless power.
In year 1905, Nikola Tesla with his team of construction
workers in the small village of Shoreham, New York
worked to construct a structure quite extraordinary. Over
the time of several years these men had even managed in
assembling the framework and also wiring for the
Wardenclyffe Tower which was about 187 foot, in spite of
many severe problems faced.[5]
Again in 2007, Soljacic's team in MIT did the specific
tuning of transmitting unit with receiving device. The main
aim 'coupling resonance' system, was that the electric
energy that was not getting used up by the receiver did not
get radiated in the environment around, but it did remain in
vicinity of transmitter[6]. MIT team experimentally showed
the wireless power transfer, potentially useful for charging
of laptops, cell phones without any wires or cords. Imagine
a future in which wireless power transfer is feasible where
for example; cell phones, laptop or any other portable
electronics devices are capable of getting charged up
without ever being plugged into the socket. With these
experiments we get ideas of creating one such source
providing us with wireless power transmission and enabling
to use electricity without the involvement of not much safe
also a bit inefficient wire work saving on energy as well.[7]
3. TECHNOLOGIES USED
Induction-It is the principle of mutual induction which
between two coils can be used for the transferring of
electrical power without any physical touch orcontact..The
transfer of energy is taking place due to the electromagnetic
coupling between the two coils.
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Electromagnetic Transmission-. By conversion of current
into light, using a laser beam, hence firing this beam
towards receiving target power is directed to a single target
which is generally known as “power beaming”.
Electrodynamic Induction- Also being known as "resonant
inductive coupling". It resolves the basic problem with
inductive coupling without resonance for wireless energy
transfer; specifically, the dependency of efficiency of
system on distance of transmission. When this coupling is
being used the transmitter and receiver inductors are being
tuned to one mutual frequency and the drive current is hence
modified from a sinusoidal to a non-sinusoidal transient
waveform and the pulse power transfer is occurring over
many cycles. In this way power is being transmitted over a
distance of up to a few times than that of size of the
transmitter.
Radio and Microwave-Power transmission through radio
waves can be made more directional,
hence allowing
power beaming up to much longer distance, though with
shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, in the
microwave range.
proof.[8] More clearly, mutual induction is the phenomena
where, if there is a continuously changing current passing
through one of the coil it is producing magnetic field in the
space around the first coil known as primary coil primary
coil. As soon as this changing magnetic field interacts with
the secondary coil it hence produces an induced current in
the secondary coil.[5] The amount of inductive coupling
between two conductors is measured by their mutual
inductance.
Hence we can say that to produce coupling between two
wires to be increased we need the wires to be coupled into
coils and placing them together on a common axis, so that
the magnetic field in one coil is being passed into another.
The coils can be on be physically placed in one single unit
or even can be separated. Both the coils should have equal
number of turns and also should be tightly coupled so that
we can get even more range.[2]
Also we can increase the range by increasing number of
turns also by coupling them more tightly according to our
requirements.
4. MUTUAL INDUCTION COUPLING
Two devices mutually inductively coupled or called
magnetically coupled when they are configured in such a
way that any change of current in one wire induces a voltage
around the end of the second wire through electromagnetic
induction. This is due to the phenomenon of mutual
inductance. Transformer is an example of inductive
coupling. Inductive coupling is preferred as it is much
comfortable with less use of wires and also is shock
Fig: Mutual Induction Phenomenon
5. Block Diagram of WPT Through Mutual Inductance
Power supply
Step Down
Transformer
Power
Load
Bridge
Rectifier
DC Battery
6. Components
Power Supply- The transformer takes in the input from the
wall voltage which is a 240V,
50 Hz, sinusoid. Using diodes, the voltage is rectified.
Transformer- (Principle)- The two coils are wound over a
Core such that they are magnetically coupled. These coils
are called primary and secondary windings[6]. Here, we use
a step-down transformer. It is used to scale down the voltage
to around 12 V. This is done before the signal is converted
to DC because high frequency transformers are small and
relatively efficient.
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Inverter
Rectifier
Circuit
COIL
TRANS
COIL
REC
Bridge Rectifier- A full wave bridge rectifier is used to
convert the AC signal from the transformer to a pulsating
DC signal (Diode number- 4007 used in the circuit). Smaller
capacitors (1000 µF, 35V) are used in the filter because the
converted signal is 90% DC and 10% AC and frequency is
much higher than the 50 Hz signal. A 1kΩ resistor is used as
led power rating (1.5V) is much lower than the power
received by rectifier (12V).
Inverter- this device is basically being used over here to
increase the freaquency,and consisting of choke coil which
helps in reducing the ripples created in frequency as well as
help in converting alternating currents to direct currents.
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Coils and Air gap-The coils are each made out of 100 turns
of 20 AWG magnet wire. They are separated by about 6
inches and have a diameter of about 6 inches. The power
Distance between both the coils
0cm(min.. distance)
16cms(medium distance)
24cms(max. distance)
transfer between them is done through resonant magnetic
coupling.
Led- Small are being used within the circuits also in
secondary coil to show the mutual induction taking place.
Intensity between coils due to mutual induction
Maximum intensity
Mediocre intensity
Minimum intensity
7. Advantages Over Existing Methodology( Of power
transmission over wires)
 No tedious wire work required
 Efficiency increases as less power loss
during transmission unlike in wired
transmission
 Safety increases
 Fast
 Low maintenance cost
 Can be made available in remote areas
8. Limitations
Although in future by increasing the cost input and other
development of technologies we can increase the output of
this technique but currently it is been restricted to a certain
area, that is just charging mobile laptops chargers and other
devices. Secondly, to implement it on large scale area we
need to increase the cost funding from government which
will take time.
9. Future Improvements
The limitations of this model can be removed in future by
advancements in technologies whereby increasing the range
between the coils and making the transmission more
powerful whereby in future only ne transmitter be required
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016
to transmit energy into our home or workplaces and hence
energy will be used and saved efficiently as well.
10. Conclusion
With this paper we are showing that this technology
described in the model if used on large scale and by utilizing
the power of this technology completely we can for future
use devise a much better option for transmission of power
and hence can provide a much more efficient, cost effective
and even loss free environment. Where in future there can
be scarcity and shortage of fossil fuels which are used for
conventional way of producing electricity and which means
we won’t be getting enough electricity using such methods
to derive electricity which will be even helpful in prevention
of earth from greenhouse effects and also wireless
electricity transmission will create a much safer work
environment around for people.
11. Refrences:
[1] Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D.
Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher, Marin Soljacic, "Wireless
Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic
Resonances," Vol. 317, no. 5834, pp. 83 – 86, 7 June 2007.
[2] A. Vijay Kumar, P.Niklesh, T.Naveen, “Wireless Power
Transmission” Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 1506-1510
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[3] Nikola Tesla, “The Transmission of Electrical Energy
Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace,” Electrical
World and Engineer Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905.
[4] Sagolsem Kripachariya Singh, T. S. Hasarmani, and R.
M. Holmukhe, “Wireless Transmission of Electrical Power
Overview of Recent Research & Development”
International Journal of Computer and Electrical
Engineering, Vol.4, No.2, April 2012.
[5] Sourabh Pawade, Tushar Nimje, Dipti Diwase, “
Goodbye Wires: Approach to Wireless Power
Transmission” International Journal of Emerging
Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 382-387 April 2012.
[6]Prof. Burali Y. N, 2, Prof. Patil C.B., “Wireless
Electricity Transmission Based On Electromagnetic and
Resonance Magnetic Coupling” International Journal Of
Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol.
2 Issue. 7, pp. 48-51, Nov. 2012.
[7] Kurs, A., Karalis, A., “Wireless power transfer via
strongly coupled magnetic resonances,” science, 317(5834),
pp. 83-86, 2007.
[8] Prof. Vishal V. Pande, Pooja D. Doifode, Dhanashree S.
Kamtekar, Prashant P. Shingade, “Wireless Power
Transmission Using Resonance Inductive Coupling” Prof.
Vishal V. Pande et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 9) , pp.46-50,
April 2014.
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