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B.9AD: Biomolecules Cell Structure and Function! ! Biomolecule: Carbohydrate Biomolecule Reference Sheet! This biomolecule is composed of three basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Each of these elements are arranged in a 1:2:1 ratio. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars or monosaccharides. Simple sugars can be bonded to make larger carbohydrates. For example, two glucose molecules bonded together form the disaccharide sucrose, also known as table sugar. Many glucose molecules can be linked to make polysaccharides which are polymers of monosaccharides. Scientists know that carbohydrate monomers such as glucose and fructose occur in foods – as do polymers, like starch. Stored glucose polymers are different in plants and animals. Animals store glucose as glycogen. Plants store glucose as starch and cellulose. A starch is composed of many monomers of glucose or fructose. Scientists have been able to isolate these compounds in breads, pasta, fruits, vegetables, and candy. The ingestion of these compounds will supply the body with its primary source of energy at a rate of 4 cal/g. Monosaccharide- Glucose Polysaccharide - Starch