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The Allies Turn the Tide
Chapter 14
Section 3
Total War
To defeat the Axis powers in WWII, the Allies devoted all their
resources to the war effort – called total war
Governments took a greater role in the economy
For example: governments ordered factories to make tanks
instead of cars and refrigerators
Factories closed during the Great Depression roared back to life
putting people back to work
Consumer goods were rationed, and wages and prices were
regulated
A positive result of the war was that people went back to work
which caused an increase in production that ended the Great
Depression
Total War
However, governments also limited citizens’ rights,
censored the press, and resorted to propaganda
At the same time, women, symbolized by “Rosie the
Riveter”, replaced men in factories
Women also played a more direct role in some
military operations
Rosie the Riveter
Women and World War II
Pacific Battles
The years 1942 and 1943 marked the turning point
of the war for the Americans
In the Pacific, Allied forces won the battles of the
Coral Sea and Midway
In both battles, attacks were launched from
enormous aircraft carriers
For the first time in naval history, enemy ships never
saw each other
Aircraft Carriers
Pacific Battles
Midway Island
Fought
entirely from
the air. The
Americans
destroyed four
Japanese
carriers and
250 planes.
Named
Midway
Island, it is
about halfway between
Asia and the
United States.
Battle of Midway and Coral Sea
Battle of Midway and Coral Sea
U.S.S. Yorktown (Aircraft Carrier)
U.S.S. Enterprise (Aircraft Carrier)
North Africa
In North Africa, British and American forces, led by
General Dwight Eisenhower, soon trapped
Rommel’s army
Rommel surrendered in May, 1943
With North Africa under their control, the Allies
crossed the Mediterranean and landed in Sicily
Allied victories in Italy led to the overthrow of
Mussolini, but fighting continued for another 18
months
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme Commander—Allied Forces
Desert Tank Warfare—North Africa
German Panzer Tank
Map of Italy
After defeating
Rommel in North
Africa, the American
crossed the
Mediterranean,
landed in Sicily, then
launched an
invasion of Italy.
Eastern Front
On the Eastern Front, a key turning point was the
Battle of Stalingrad
After a German advance on the city and brutal
house-to-house fighting, the Soviet army encircled
the German troops
Without food or ammunition, the Germans finally
surrendered
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day
On June 6, 1944, the Allies launched the D-Day
invasion of Normandy, France
Stalin was pleased that the Allies finally opened a
second front in Western Europe
Allied troops faced many obstacles as they fought
their way into France, but the Germans finally
retreated inland
The Allies entered Paris on August 25, 1944
Within a month, all of France was liberated from Nazi
occupation
D-Day
D-Day Beach
Beaches of Normandy
The five
beaches at
Normandy
were named:
•Omaha
•Utah
•Gold
•Sword
•Juno
Invasion Beaches on D-Day
(June 6, 1944)
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Landing Craft Approaching
Normandy
Bombing of Germany
As the Allies advanced, Germany reeled from the
incessant, around-the-clock bombing
The Allies targeted military and industrial centers in
Germany including Hamburg and Dresden
40,000 people died in Hamburg
Up to 135,000 people died in Dresden
Goal – cripple Germany’s industries and destroy
civilian morale
Bombing of Hamburg and Dresden
Battle of the Bulge
A German
counterattack
against the Allies
in bitterly cold
December 1944,
the Battle of the
Bulge, resulted in
terrible losses on
both sides. The
Americans won
but the battle
delayed the Allied
advance for six
weeks.
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
Yalta Conference
However, with Germany’s defeat seeming inevitable,
the “Big Three”—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—
met to plan the end of the war
Stalin insisted that the USSR needed to control E.
Europe to protect itself from future aggression
Roosevelt and Churchill favored self-determination
for E. Europe – the people’s right to choose their
form of government
Key features at this Yalta Conference were the 1)
Soviet agreement to enter the war against Japan and
2) the division of Germany into four zones of
occupation (British, French, American, and Soviet)
However, growing mistrust at Yalta foreshadowed a
split among the Allies that would lead to the Cold
War
Yalta Conference
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
The “Big
Three” –
Winston
Churchill,
President
Roosevelt, and
Joseph Stalin
(L to R).
Germany Zones of Occupation
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
1. How do you define total war?
2. Who symbolized the war efforts of women as men
went off to fight the battles?
3. What happened for the first time in naval history
with the launching of planes from aircraft carriers?
4. What American commander defeated Rommel, the
“Desert Fox” in North Africa?
5. After Rommel’s defeat, where did the Allies go?
6. What is the name of the German tanks?
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
7. What battle was the key turning point on the Eastern
Front?
8. What did the Allies launch on June 6, 1944?
9. What two German cities did the Allies destroy to
cripple German industries? (2 points)
10. Which battle was a German counteroffensive
against the Allies in December, 1944?
11. Who were the leaders called the “Big Three” (3
points)
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
12. Identify the conference where the “Big Three” met
(city and country).
13. What were the two key features of the conference?
(2 points)
The End