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Meteorology
Chapter 8 Worksheet 3 Name: ________________________________
Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) "Lake‐effect" snow is associated with the ________ air mass. a) cT b) cP c) mT d) mP 2) In the United States, lake‐effect snows occur over which area? a) the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains b) the windward side of the Mississippi River c) the leeward shores of the Great Lakes d) Lake Champlain 3) Lake‐effect snowfall is caused by: a) air mass modification related to the differential heating of land and water. b) ice crystals falling from a cP air mass on the windward side of a lake. c) an mP air mass passing over a cold body of water. d) warm air masses passing over a cold lake in the autumn. 4) Which of the following statements is TRUE of lake‐effect snowfall? a) Lake‐effect snowfall accounts for only a small portion of seasonal snowfall along the eastern edges of the Great Lakes. b) Along the Great Lakes, lake‐effect snowfall usually only occurs within 80 km of the leeward lake shores. c) Lake‐effect events are not capable of generating more than a centimeter or two of snow. d) Lake‐effect events are produced through the modification of mP air masses. 5) Where would you expect to find the greatest amount of lake‐effect snowfall? a) on the leeward shores of the Great Lakes b) on the western coasts of the Great Lakes c) on the windward side of the Great Lakes d) directly north of the Great Lakes 6) Most mP air masses that influence the U.S. originate over: a) the north Atlantic. b) the Gulf of Mexico. c) the north Pacific. d) the Arctic Ocean. 7) The ________ air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered. a) mP b) mT c) cP d) cT 8) Which one of the following conditions would enhance the development of a lake effect storm? a) moisture advection associated with an mP air mass b) aA cPw air mass c) a large temperature gradient between the lake surface temperature the lower atmosphere d) strong southerly flow 9) The ________ air mass may produce an occasional "nor'easter" in the winter. a) mT b) mP c) cT d) cP 10) A nor'easter typically occurs when: a) NE winds associated with a low‐pressure system draw mP air into the northeastern United States. b) the polar jet stream weakens and allows mP air to invade New England. c) the NE tradewinds strengthen in the Pacific during a La Niña event. d) a cP air mass from the northeast moves into Texas. 11) Why are maritime air masses from the north Atlantic of only limited concern for weather in the U.S.? a) Temperatures are usually mild over this region. b) Question is incorrect; these air masses are very important. c) Prevailing winds move them away from the U.S. d) They never cause severe storms. e) Polar fronts block these air masses from the U.S. 12) Which air mass is unstable in the winter but stable in the summer? a) cP b) mT c) mP d) cT 13) Which region of origin for mT air masses has the most impact on North American weather? a) mT air masses from the Gulf of Mexico b) mT air masses from the Northern Pacific c) mT air masses from the subtropical Pacific. d) mT air masses from Australia 14) While on vacation in Florida, you experience several days of weather with maximum temperatures of 90°F and dew points above 65°F. What educated guess could you make about the weather? a) It is caused by an mP air mass. b) It is caused by a cT air mass. c) It is caused by an mT air mass. d) It is not air mass weather. 15) All of the following accompany a classic New England nor'easter EXCEPT: a) heavy snowfall b) a strong storm forming in Canada and moving into New England from the North c) widespread power outages and transportation interruptions d) mP air pulled in from the Atlantic Ocean 16) The ________ air mass provides much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States. a) cP b) cT c) mP d) mT 17) Lines connecting places having equal rainfall on a map are called: a) isotopes. b) isohyets. c) isolines. d) isobars. 18) What air‐mass contributes to the formation of thunderstorms in the central U.S.? a) mT b) mP c) cA d) stormy ones 19) Most of the precipitation for the region east of the Rocky Mountains comes from: a) evaporation from soils and vegetation. b) mA air masses. c) modified mP air masses. d) mT air masses. 20) The ________ is characterized by a strong jet stream pulling mT air from Hawaii towards California. a) Tropical Jet b) Pineapple Express c) Southeaster d) Santa Ana Wind 21) Which air mass causes occasional drought to the southern Great Plains of the United States? a) mP b) cP c) cT d) mT 22) Why are cT air masses of minor importance for the U.S.? a) No large source region is near the U.S. b) Prevailing winds steer them away. c) Mountains block their approach. d) Upper level subsidence limits their formation. Circle “T” if the statement is true or “F” if the statement is false T F 23. Lake‐effect snowfall is created as a direct result of air mass modification. T F 24. Maritime Polar air masses create heavy orographic precipitation on the windward side of western mountains in the winter. T F 25. Maritime polar (mP) air masses have their greatest influence in the eastern United States.
T F 26. mP air masses over the northeastern United States produce stable, clear skies in the summer and heavy snowstorms in the winter.
T F 27. The mT air masses from the Gulf‐Caribbean‐Atlantic source region greatly affect the weather of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. T F 28. The stormy winter weather associated with an invasion of mP air from the Atlantic into an area east of the Appalachians and north of Cape Hatteras is known as a nor'easter. T F 29. Maritime tropical (mT) air masses are the most important source of moisture along the Pacific Coast. T F 30. The Pineapple Express is responsible for supplying most of the moisture on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. T F 31. cT air masses are stable. T F 32. cT air masses are hot and dry.
T F 33. In winter, cT brings fog, drizzle, and occasional moderate precipitation to NW Mexico and the SW United States. T F 34. Continental tropical (cT) air masses are associated with summer drought conditions in the southern Great Plains. Answer the following questions 35. Name three processes by which an air mass can be modified. 36. What do the letters k and w signify when added to an air mass identifier? 37. What air‐mass type tends to dominate the weather in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains during winter? During summer? 38. What is the air mass type and source region for "nor'easters"?