Download Macromolecules practice worksheet key

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Macromolecule Worksheet
1. What are the definitions for a monomer and polymer?
a. Monomer =a single building block similar in structure and repeating used to build a polymer.
b. Polymer =
many monomers linked together via covalent bonds.
2. Draw a polymer containing six monomers. Use pentagons as a monomer and label which is a monomer and a
polymer.
One monomer
One polymer
3. What chemical reaction is used to make polymers? Break polymers? Dehydration synthesis reactions are used
to make polymers from monomers and hydrolysis reactions are used to break polymers into monomers.
4. Complete the chart below.
Organic
Monomer
Macromolecules
Polymer
Function
Elements
Examples
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
polysaccharide
Fuel source
C, O, H
Glucose,
fructose,
starch,
glycogen
Lipids
Building blocks
=glycerol + fatty
acid chains
Not a polymer,
but still an
organic cmpd.
like the others
Energy storage
(TG’s); form
cell membranes
(phospholipids)
C,O,H,
and
sometimes
P
Linoleic
acid,
arachadonic
acid
Proteins
Amino acid
polypeptide
Enzymes,
receptors,
transport
proteins
C,O,H, N
and
sometimes
S
Hydrolase,
Store genetic
material;
C,O,H, P,
N
DNA, RNA
Nucleic Acids
nucleotides
polynucleotide
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Oxidase
Hemoglobin
5. Why are the chemical shapes of lipids different between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have the maximum amount of hydrogens bound to the carbons of the F.A. chains, therefore,
they lack double bonds and can pack tightly forming solids at room temp. and unsaturated fats have less
hydrogens bound to the carbons of F.A. chains, therefore, they do have double bonds and do not pack
tightly forming liquids at R.T.
6. Circle Answer: Are lipids polar or non-polar?
Polar
Are lipids soluble in water?
Non-polar
Yes
No
7. Draw the general chemical structure of an amino acid. Put a box around the portion of the amino acid that varies
from other amino acids, and then discuss the differences.
The R group varies from amino acid to amino acid giving
them different chemical properties that range from acidic to
basic and hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
8. What kind of bond holds amino acids together in a polymer?
A specific type of covalent bond called a peptide bond.
9. What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
a. _____pentose sugar
Draw one DNA nucleotide.
b. _____nitrogenous base
c. _____Phosphate group
What are two functions of DNA?
d. _____stores genetic material________________________________________________
e. _____carries instructions to make cellular proteins_______________________________
10. What are the two types of sugars found in nucleic acids and their corresponding polymer?
DNA sugar___deoxyribose_____________
RNA sugar____ribose________________
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What are the four bases for DNA?
_______cytosine___________________
What are the four bases for RNA?
_______ cytosine ________________
_______guanine___________________
________ guanine _______________
_______adenine___________________
_________ adenine ______________
_______thymine___________________
_________uracil_________________
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