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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Under taken by:
Name 1
Roll no. 1
Name 2
Roll no. 2
Name 3
Roll no. 3
Name 4
Roll no. 4
ABSTRACT
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring
method to record electrical activity of the brain. It is typically
noninvasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp, although
invasive electrodes are sometimes used in specific applications. EEG
measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within
the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording
of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as
recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic
applications generally focus on the spectral content of EEG, that is, the
type of neural oscillations (popularly called "brain waves") that can be
observed in EEG signals.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working of this project is divided into various stages which are as
follows:
- Stage 1 - 50 Hz Notch Filter
- Stage 2 - Instrumentation Amplifier
- Stage 3 - 7Hz High Pass Filter
- Stage 4 - 31Hz Low Pass Filter
- Stage 5 another 50Hz Notch Filter
The above mentioned are all filter stages. Apart from this, a module
consist of some other filters and voltage protection circuit is also used.
The data received from the sensor and all these stages is then fed into
the computer using the Bluetooth (due to 50 Hz noise in wires, Bluetooth
module is used).
BLOCK DIAGRAM
BREADBOARD SCHEMATIC (Only Filters)
ABOUT BRAIN WAVES
Wave
Frequency
Associated Mental State
Gamma
27 Hz and up
Gamma is associated with the formation of ideas, language and
memory processing, and various types of learning.
Beta
12hz - 27hz
Wide awake. This is generally the mental state most people are in
during the day and most of their waking lives.
Alpha
8hz - 12hz
Awake but relaxed and not processing much information.
Theta
3hz - 8hz
Light sleep or extreme relaxation.
Delta
0.2hz - 3hz
Deep, dreamless sleep. Delta is the slowest band of brainwaves.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 HARDWARE
1.
The filters module
2.
Capacitors
3.
Diodes
4.
Connecting Wires
5.
Resistors
6.
Instrumentation Amplifier
7.
Operational amplifier
8.
Dry electrodes
 SOFTWARE
1.
2.
Processing
Brainwave Visualizer
APPLICATIONS
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Hardware costs are significantly lower than those of most other
techniques
EEG prevents limited availability of technologists to provide
immediate care in high traffic hospitals.
EEG sensors can be used in more places than fMRI, SPECT, PET, MRS,
or MEG, as these techniques require bulky and immobile equipment.
EEG is relatively tolerant of subject movement, unlike most other
neuroimaging techniques. There even exist methods for minimizing,
and even eliminating movement artifacts in EEG data [
EEG is silent, which allows for better study of the responses to
auditory stimuli.
EEG does not aggravate claustrophobia, unlike fMRI, PET, MRS, SPECT,
and sometimes MEG
EEG does not involve exposure to high-intensity (>1 Tesla) magnetic
fields, as in some of the other techniques, especially MRI and MRS.
These can cause a variety of undesirable issues with the data, and also
prohibit use of these techniques with participants that have metal
implants in their body, such as metal-containing pacemakers
REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
http://openeeg.sourceforge.net/doc/
https://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/s2
012/cwm55/cwm55_mj294/
http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-EEG-and-ECG-Circuit/