Download Chapter 10 :Section 1 and 2

Chapter 10 :Section 1
and 2
Growing Pains
1) Population went up and
cities grew which meant
that more trade. More trade
would boost the economy in
the nation and therefore
help to clear America’s
debts.
2) Hierarchical structure
increased. I.E. lawyers and
doctors. More and more
people were taking on other
jobs other than those
relating to agriculture which
is crucial to become a
superpower.
3) Made more states. I.E
Kentucky, Ohio,
Tennessee, Vermont
4) The colonists were
slowly moving
westwards which
meant that they were
slowly begin to cover
more space in the
U.S.
GROWING PAINS
5) The population boom replaced the amount of people lost in
the war. Population booms usually happen during times of
progress or prosperity which signified America’s emergence
as a powerful state. It showed other nations that a Republican
state was possible since America was viewed as an
experiment.
Negative:
1) As colonists move westward, there became more tension between Indians which
caused conflicts to rise. I.E. small skirmishes which would later turn into larger
battles.
2) Settlers moving westward were seduced by British and Spanish agents which cause
the foreign observers to wonder if the us would grow into maturity.
NEGATIVE:
3) Foreigners viewed the American pioneer life as crude because of the
difficulties that lied with it.
4) Population growth means that resources would be used up at a faster rate.
5) The colonist that were moving westward became more unruly in that the
government could not control them because of the distance between them.
1) Unanimously voted by the Electoral College in 1789
George Washington made the cabinet system that wasn’t stated in the constitution.
However, this system is still used today.
2) George Washington led citizens with his strength of character rather than the sleazy
ways of politicians.
3) Made an inauguration speech on the balcony of wall street.
4)Warned the government to not make political factions and to be neutral wars but the
politicians didn’t listen to him.
5) He helped to organize the constitutional
convention at Philadelphia in 1787 because
he was greatly concerned that the Articles
of Confederation were not benefiting the
people and the governance of the nation.
6) He passed 1785 Pinckney’s treaty which
allowed colonists greater access to the
Mississippi river.
7) Gave us his seat as president when he
could have served for life. He put the
country’s needs before his own. Even when
conflicts arose he didn’t shelter his friends
for the sake of his friendship.
8) His farewell address, which is
considered to be a primer in
republican values, helped to
shape the course of the nation
for the next 100 years.
9) Insured that the whisky rebellion
which was a tax on whisky was
put down this demonstrated that
federal authority can control
threats to its regime.
10) During his presidency the
ratification of the first ten
amendments to the constitution
also known as the bill of rights
had been put into effect which
guaranteed both individual
liberties as well as state’s rights.
11) While in office his efforts to reform the nation served as an inspiration
and symbol of unity for many.
12) In 1793, George Washington issued the Proclamation of neutrality
which served as the basis for avoiding any involvement in foreign
conflicts. He was an enthusiastic advocate of the establishment of
central government, tax system and national bank.
Farewell
Speech
Inauguration
Speech
Sources
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=george+washington&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1107&bih
=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=4d-2nHd6VD51BM:&imgrefurl=http://whoisavian.com/what-keptwashington-alive/&docid=cOVk5dpAvi5xbM&imgurl=http://whoisavian.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/GeorgeWashington.jpg&w=960&h=720&ei=sk1WUNCGD43VigKnx
IAY&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=824&vpy=198&dur=1923&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=214&ty
=95&sig=113725114337337186580&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=141&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=
1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:185
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=population+growth+post+american+revolution&um=1&hl=
en&biw=1107&bih=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=bx1OTRx6FF4odM:&imgrefurl=http://www.gilder
lehrman.org/history-by-era/early-republic/essays/earlyrepublic&docid=3pGif6gipbRweM&imgurl=http://new.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/ess
ay-images/US-Census1790_0.jpg&w=2889&h=1596&ei=N05WUKHUCq3qiQLTyYGAAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx
=576&vpy=256&dur=497&hovh=167&hovw=302&tx=168&ty=111&sig=1137251143373371
86580&page=2&tbnh=89&tbnw=161&start=18&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:18,i:138
https://www.census.gov/population/apportionment/about/history.html
http://teachinghistory.org/teaching-materials/lesson-plan-reviews/22531
http://millercenter.org/president/washington/essays/biography/9
PRIMARY SOURCE:
http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=mgw4&fileName=gwpage098.db&recNum=
529
http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=mgw2&fileName=gwpage024.db&recNum=
228
SECONDARY SOURCE:
The American Pageant Kennedy, David M. ,Cohen, Lizbeth ,Bailey, Thomas A. The American Paegant :
A History of The Republic 13th Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company,
2006.
The Bill of Rights & Hamilton
revives the corpse of public
credit
Megan Choi – Brian Lee – Pierson Ro
Period 1 09/18/12 (APUSH)
The Need For Change
• States ratified the Federal Constitution
thought that it would include individual rights
• Anti-Federalists criticized the Constitution,
believed in liberty and alienable/human rights
• Wanted the Bill of Rights (first 10
Amendments)
What is the Bill of Rights?
-The Bill of Rights is the first ten
amendments to the Constitution.
-It reinforces American principles (freedom
of religion, speech, and press)
-Prohibits abnormal punishments &
random taking of private property by the
government.
-
James Madison
• James Madison a.k.a. “Father of the
Constitution”, added Amendments IX and X
- Specifying protections for individual rights and liberties
• Results:
- Kept a strong central government
- Brought the Federalists towards the way of the AntiFederalists
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Created by the first Congress
• This Act organized the Supreme Court, federal
districts, and circuit courts.
- Established the office of attorney general (head of the US
Department of Justice)
• John Jay, the youngest Republican became the
first chief justice of the United States
Alexander Hamilton
• A native of the British West Indies
• First US Secretary of Treasury
• Many critics doubted him
- People thought that he loved his native country (Great Britain)
more than his adopted country (USA).
- Wanted to model US Government to Great Britain’s
- Fiscal plan called for loose interpretation of Constitution
National Debt
• Hamilton helps the economy
- Shape the fiscal policies (favor wealthier groups in return for
political support)
• Financers wanted to raise the national credit
- Hamilton asks for “funds” from the Congress
• “Funding at Par”
- Urges gov’t to pay the $54 million (national debt) and $21.5
million (state debt).
Bargain in 1790
• States (Massachusetts) with heavy debts liked
Hamilton’s proposal, but smaller states
(Virginia) did not.
• Virginia did not want the debts assumed, but
wanted the District of Columbia
- Jefferson was asked to get enough votes for the assumption
- In return Virginia gets the federal district.
Sources
• Primary source- The Constitution of the
United States, 1787
• Secondary source- Kennedy, David M; Cohen,
Lizabeth; Bailey, Thomas A. The American
Pageant: 13th Edition. New York: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 2006
The Whiskey Rebellion & Political
Parties
Jocelyn Avella
Cheyenne Lee
Katherine Hernandez
What caused the Whiskey Rebellion?
After the revolutionary war, America found itself a debt crisis
of $20,000,000 in which it had only two ways to pay off.
Either by tax or to minimize spending.
• Alexander Hamilton
wanting to find a stable
source of income
suggested a tax on the
whiskey being distilled
in the U.S.
– Congressed agreed to
pass this levy in 1791
Mutinous Moonshiners in Philadelphia
• The Whiskey Rebellion
(Pennsylvania 1794) caused
citizens to become angry
– Whiskey was a necessity for
businesses
– Citizens had also thought they
had escaped taxes when they
separated from England
• Rye and corn distilled in alcohol
= cheap transport
• Distillers erected whiskey poles
like the liberty against the
Stamp Act (1765)
– Cried “Liberty and no excise!” as
they tarred and feathered
revenue officers
• President Washington was
alarmed by “self-created
societies” and summoned a
militia of 13,000 men
– Anxiety at the idea of
opposing/crushing fellow
states
• “Whiskey Boys” didn’t
oppose and were captured,
dispersed, or overawed
– Although scorned by
central gov. for brutal force
(3 people killed)
Washington became
respected & strengthened
his administration
The Emergence of Political Parties
• Hamilton’s idea allowed sound
credit, funding assumption, less
tax, bank, and other financial
success, but limited states’
rights
• Americans doubt of Constitution
grew to resentment since they
didn’t know federal power
would increase
– Small feud between Jefferson
and Hamilton grew to national
political rivalry
• America never had political
parties
– Whigs, Tories, Federalists, AntiFederalists were all fractions that
debate hot issues
• Founders of Philadelphia saw organized
opposition as disloyalty and disunity
– Jefferson and Hamilton tried to keep debates within
Congress, but political parties rose and became the
American traditional two-party system
• Political Parties and opposition became a support
to democracy
– Helped government act for peoples’ wants
Bibliography
• Bailey, Thomas A., Lizabeth Cohen, and David M.
Kennedy. The American Pageant. 13th ed. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print.
• "The Whiskey Insurrection." The Early Republic. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2012.
<tomscourse.tripod.com/whiskey1.htm>.
• PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleeve
nts/ pande22.html>.
Kozirovskiy, David
Huh, James
Chun, Tae Soo
9/18/12
Period 1
Ms. Kim
APUSH Presentation
•Influence of the Federalists and Republicans
•Washington’s Neutrality
Influence of the Federalists and
Republicans
The developing
nation of the United
States saw the
emergence of two
political parties- the
Federalists and the
DemocraticRepublicans.
Influence of the Federalists and
Republicans
Federalists:
• Propertied and rich
• Loose Interpretation of the Constitution
• Army
• National bank
• Strong central government
Differences in Development
The Federalists were led by Alexander
Hamilton and ruled by the wealthy and the
“best people.”
Influence of the Federalists and
Republicans
Differences
in Politics
Democratic-Republicans:
• States’ rights and Strict
interpretation of the Constitution
• Agriculture
• France over Great Britain
• Educated and the Common man
Influence of the Federalists and
Republicans
Election of 1800
• Thomas Jefferson became
president.
• Andrew Burr became vicepresident.
• This was one of the first successful
transitions of political power from
one party to another.
Washington’s Neutrality
• During the American Revolution, the
United States signed a Treaty of
Alliance so as to acquire help in case of
war.
• The British saw the potential dangers of
such a treaty and wanted to drive a
wedge into the peace between the two
conflicting nations.
Treaty of 1778
Washington’s Neutrality
Proclamation of Neutrality
• Between 1792 and 1799, France and Great Britain
fought the War of the First Coalition.
• Federalists wanted to help the British. The
Democratic-Republicans wanted to help their past
ally, France.
• Washington saw the conflict rising between the two
parties and decided to issue the Proclamation of
Neutrality in 1793.
• The act had three provisions:
o Barred American ships from supplying either
side in the conflict.
o American citizens were warned to be impartial to
both sides.
o Anyone who violated the neutrality law would
no longer be provided protection by the US, but
rather the individual would be prosecuted.
Washington’s Neutrality
Edmond-Charles Genêt
Edmond-Charles Genêt
meeting with George
Washington
Edmond-Charles Genêt
• Edmond-Charles Genêt was the
French ambassador to the United
States. He was upset that the United
States would not provide aid to the
French.
• He decided to take matters into his
own hands. He paid privateers from
South Carolina to attack British
ships.
• George Washington stopped his
attempts to rebel against the powers
of the government. When the
Jacobins took control of France,
Genêt lost his position and pleaded
Washington to stay in the United
States.
Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
Bailey, Thomas Andrew, David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen.
The American Pageant. 13th Edition ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
2006. Print.
Gclitty. "Federalist vs. Republican." Hubpages.com. N.p., 29 June
2012. Web. 17 Sept. 2012.
<http://gclitty.hubpages.com/hub/Federalist-vs-Republican>.
"The Proclamation of Neutrality: The Original." The The
Proclamation of Neutrality. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/procneutral/
original.html>.
Embroilments with Britain
& Jay’s Treaty and
Washington’s Farewell
September 18, 2012
Period 1
Ms. Kim
Presenters:
Roberto Luna Jr.
Kevin Castillo
Scarlet Bermudez
Angel
The British on U.S. Soil
• President Washington’s effort to
fulfill his policy of neutrality was
disrupted by the British. The British
were stubborn in following the
terms set forth in the Treaty of Paris
of 1783.
• The British retained a chain of
northern frontier posts on U.S. soil
and also refused to leave the fur
trade in the Great Lakes.
• Worst of all, the British supplied the
Indians of the Miami Confederation,
who had often invaded American
lands, with firearms and other
supplies.
Conflicts With Native Americans
•
•
•
In 1790 and 1791, the Miami
Confederacy, led by Little Turtle,
defeated armies led by Generals
Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair.
This defeat stands out as one of the
worst defeats in the history of the
frontier.
In 1974, a new army led by General
“Mad Anthony” Wayne defeated the
Miami Confederacy at the Battle of
Fallen Timbers.
In the Greenville Treaty of 1795, the
Miamis gave up lands such as Ohio
and Indiana to America in return for a
large sum of money, the right to hunt
in the lands they had ceded, and
hoped the recognition of their
sovereign status.
Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians
• The Democratic-Republicans, led by
Thomas Jefferson, argued that
America should fight King George III
again in defense of their liberties.
• The Federalists, led by Alexander
Hamilton, disagreed with the
Democratic-Republicans. They
believed that America’s economic
development depended on trade
with Britain, so they resisted battle.
Jay’s Treaty
•
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay
was sent to London by President
Washington in 1794 as a last resort to
avert war. Jay’s Treaty was signed
between the United States and Great
Britain on November 19, 1794. Jay
was unsuccessful in getting Britain to • Britain only promised to pay damages
fulfill all of America’s demands.
for the recent seizure of American ships
and to remove the chain of posts on
U.S. soil, but not to stop any future
seizure of American ships and to stop
giving fire arms to Indians. They did
however force Jay into making the
United States pay debts still owed to
British merchants from before the
Revolutionary War. The DemocraticRepublicans were upset with this treaty
as they saw it as an abject surrender to
Britain.
Washington’s Farewell Address
• After two terms as President
of the United States, George
Washington decided to leave
office. One of the reasons he
choose not go for another
term was due to the constant
debating between the
Federalists and DemocraticRepublicans.
• In his farewell address in
1796, Washington told the
nation to not form
“permanent alliances” and to
only favor “temporary
alliances” in extraordinary
emergencies.
Works Cited
Jay’s Treaty. 30 Jul 2010. Library of Congress. 16 Sep 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/jay.html>
Kennedy David, Cohen Lizabeth, Bailey Thomas. The American Pageant 13th ed.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006.
Our Documents – President George Washington's Farewell Address. Our Documents.
16 Sep 2012.<www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=15>
John Adams Becomes President/
Unofficial Fighting With France
David Kim
Francisco Jimenez
John Adams Becomes President
• Alexander Hamilton: - Best known Federalist, but his financial
policies made him unpopular that he couldn’t be the President
- Federalists forced to turn to John Adams
- Democratic Republics supported
Thomas Jefferson
• Political passions ran high: Federalists and Democratic Republics
even drank ale in separate taverns
• John Adams won as President with many of his votes from New England
and Jefferson, as the runner up, became the vice president
John Adams was hated by Alexander Hamilton who resigned from
Treasury in 1795 and became the head of the Federalist war faction
Unofficial Fighting With France
• Jay Treaty: eliminates British control of western posts within two years,
establishes America's claim for damages from British ship seizures, and
provides America a limited right to trade in the West Indies
The French hated Jay’s Treaty which was
considered one step closer to making an alliance
with the British. Believed a violation against the
Franco-American Treaty in 1778
• Trying to stay with Washington’s “no war” policy, Adams tried
to figure out an agreement with France
In 1797, Adam’s envoys were hoping to meet
with
Talleyrand, the French foreign
minister. The French
spokesmen demanded
a loan of 32 million florins
and a bribe of
$250,000 just to talk with the Talleyrand
• John Marshall, Hamilton’s envoy, refused to submit to
the excessive payment. Negotiations broke down in
1798, but Marshall was greeted warmly in New York for
refusing the French terms
• Increased tension with France caused
war
hysteria to sweep through the US
and
despite resistance from the
Jeffersonian
faction congress created
the navy
department, the navy was
expanded, the
Marines were
reestablished, and an army of
10,000 was authorized
• Conflict with France lasted from 1798 until 1800, and was
confined to naval engagements. The majority of fighting to
place in the West Indies and targeted merchant vessels.
Franco-American relations were ruined and the possibility
for total war between the two nations ran high
Works Cited
• Bailey, Thomas Andrew, David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. The
American Pageant. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print.
• "Jay's Treaty." : In 1794, the Treaty Negotiated by John Jay between
America and England Averted Further War. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/>.
• "John Adams." The White House. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012.
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnadams>.
Ch.10 Launching the New
Ship Of State
By: Bridgett Veliz, Dina Assran, and
Suhaila
Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party
• George Washington’s farewell left space for new president
John Adams
• France didn’t want to start war in America since they had
their hands full in Europe
• Adams against war because U.S. was weak
• Adams submitted to senate the name of a new minister to
France, Hamiltonians very angry
• Napoleon wanted to create a new world in Louisiana
• Convention of 1800: peace with France which ended peace tie
military alliance between U.S. and France
• Adam deserves credit for peace with France and peaceful
purchase of Louisiana
The Reason For The Convention Of 1800
• Federalists against entering war since U.S. is weak
• Anti-federalists pro-war because they respected the Franco-American
alliance
• Washington favored only “temporary alliances” for emergencies but
strongly advised the avoidance of “permanent alliance” (201).
• Washington issued his Neutrality Proclamation in1793 (Rogers)
• British believed that U.S. would be loyal to French alliance and started
seizing American ships
• French believed Jay’s Treaty with Britain violated Franco-American treaty
so they began seizing American ships as well
• All the chaos needed to be ended by breaking up any alliance starting with
France
The Federalist Witch Hunt
• Federalists came up with laws designed to minimize
Jeffersonian foes
• 1ST alien law was aimed at pro-Jeffersonian “alien”, by raising
residence requirements for aliens who desired to became
citizens from tolerable 5 years to intolerable 14 years (Hale)
• 2nd alien law : a president empowered to deport dangerous
foreigners in time of peace, and deport or imprison them in
time of hostility
• Sedition act: anyone who impeded the policies of the
government or falsely defamed its officials would be liable to
heavy fine or imprisonment
• These laws were a direct conflict with the constitution but the
supreme court was dominated by federalists
Anti-Federalists Against Federalists laws
• Alien laws violated the traditional American policy of open
door hospitality and speedy assimilation (Hale)
• The sedition act violated the freedom of speech and freedom
of press guaranteed in the constitution by the bill of rights
• Jeffersonian editors were brought to trial under the sedition
act by prejudice federalists judges
• Congressman Matthew Lyon (the Spitting Lion) gained fame
for spitting in the face of a federalists then sentenced to four
months in jail (205)
• By these unjust laws many anti-federalist were minimized
• Federalists were riding a wave of popularity
Work Cited
• Kennedy M., David. The American Pageant. Boston,
New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006.
• Rogers, Mathew. Office of the Historian. 16 Nov.
2007. University of Maryland. 16 Sept. 2012
http://history.state.gov/milestones/17841800/ConventionandRatification.
• Hale, Lisa. Federalists Party. 20 July 2008. Farlex inc.
16 Sept. 2012 http://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/Dict.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
and Election of 1800
Edgar Avila
Christopher Yoon
Luna Gonzalez
Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts
•
Federalists
– The Federalists promoted the Alien and
Sedition Acts because they worked
against the Jeffersonian Party. Many
immigrants favored Jefferson's point of
view. Keeping them from becoming
citizens would push off when they
would be able to vote, keeping
Federalists in power for longer.
• Anti-Federalists/DemocraticRepublicans
– Believed that the acts were
unconstitutional and were outraged
that the acts were so extreme. They
viewed the acts as a way to dispose
of the voter and verbal opposition
against the Federalist Party, and an
affront to freedom of speech
The Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions, Jefferson and
Madison, and the Compact
Theory
• Jefferson and Madison
– Against Alien and Sedition Laws, wanted to keep
constitutional rights
– Supported the Compact Theory
• Virginia Resolution
− Passed in 1798, drafted by Madison
• Kentucky Resolution
– Passed in 1798 and 1799 drafted by Jefferson
• Compact Theory
– U.S. formed through an
agreement by all of the states
individually, a compact
– Agreements by states such as
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
meant compact had been broken
– Dem-Republicans strongly for
states’ rights
• Federalists Disagree
− Supreme court should decide if
legislation is unconstitutional
Federalists Vs. Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
•
•
•
•
•
Led by Hamilton
Advocated rule by the
"best" people; the
people that own the
country should rule it
Feared that the
uneducated common
people would destroy
the country if given the
right to vote
For strong central
government
Protection for wealthy,
estates of wealthy,
private enterprise,
merchants, promotion
of trade; less
restrictions on business
Election of 1800
Democratic Republic
•
•
•
•
•
Appealed to the lower
and middle class
Demanded a weak
central government,
believed the best
government was one
that governed less
Power to states to
avoid development of
dictatorship
Wanted no special
privileges for special
classes, but supported
the agriculture
aspects of America
Southern support
Foreign Policy
• Federalists
-The government should assert
power overseas
-British trade essential to economy
-Should end any American-French
treaty, involvement in French revolution
considered a bad choice
• Dem-Republicans
-The government should focus on
domestic affairs
-In agreement with principles of the
French revolution, not Britain’s response
-Believed British trade was
detrimental
•
“If the acts before specified should
stand, these conclusions would flow
from them; that the general
government may place any act they
think proper on the list of crimes and
punish it themselves whether
enumerated or not enumerated by the
constitution.” –Thomas Jefferson, 1798
•
•
•
•
Believed that only those with
property and education should vote
Government for all people not by all
people
Elected president 1800
Conflicting views on slavery
Bibliography
• “The Spitting Lyon.” 1798. Cartoon, print. Library of Congress Prints and
Photographs Division. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.
• Jefferson, Thomas. Statements against Alien and Sedition Acts.
1798,
handwritten draft. Portable Library of Liberty. 2010.
Liberty Fund.
Web. 12 Sept. 2012.<http://files.libertyfund.org/ pll/quotes/ 80.html>.
• Kennedy, David M, Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The
American Pageant. Ed. Williams, Lisa Kalner, and Rosemary R.
Jaffe. 13 ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006.
• Stanton, Lucia. Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. Monticello and the
University of Virginia, 2008. Web. Sept. 12 2012.
<http://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/
thomas-jefferson-and-slavery>.