Download Chapter 10 Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms and Mollusks

Chapter 10 Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms and Mollusks
I.
II.
III.
Introduction to the animal kingdom
A. Animals
1. Multicellular heterotrophs
2. Cells lack cell walls
B. Grouped into two major divisions
1. Vertebrates
2. Invertebrates
Sponges
A. Simplest group of invertebrates
B. Belong to phylum Porifera
1. Body covered with many pores
2. Allow food and oxygen to enter
C. Central cavity
1. Allows water to leave
2. Allows waste products to leave
D. Spicules form skeleton
1. Chalky or glasslike substance
2. Provide protection
E. Reproduction
1. Sexual
2. Asexual
F. Uses
1. Provide antibiotics
2. Home and food for worms, shrimp and starfishes
Cnidarians
A. Central cavity with one opening
B. All have nematocysts
1. Specialized stinging structures
2. Stun or kill prey
3. Located around the mouth
C. Waste products released through mouth
D. Contain groups of specialized cells
E. Body is symmetrical
F. Reproduction
1. Sexually
2. Asexually
G. Hydras
1. Live in fresh water
IV.
2. Polyp shaped (vase-shaped)
3. Move by somersaulting
4. Reproduction
a. Asexual – budding
b. Sexual – eggs and sperm
H. Corals
1. Soft bodied
2. Use minerals to build hard, protective coverings of limestone
3. Live in colonies
4. Algae live inside coral’s body
I. Sea anemones
1. Resemble underwater flowers
2. Petals are tentacles
a. Stun prey
b. Pull food into central cavity
J. Jellyfishes
1. Most familiar
2. Bowl-shaped
3. Long tentacles
Worms
A. Flatworms
1. Called platyhelminthes
2. Have flat body
3. Planarian
a. Feeds on dead plant or animal matter
b. Uses own body parts for food
c. Able to regenerate lost parts
4. Tapeworms
a. Parasites
b. Live in bodies of animals and humans
B. Roundworms
1. Live in intestines of host
2. Resemble strands of spaghetti
3. Called nematodes
4. Have head and tail
5. Tubelike digestive system with 2 openings
a. Mouth – food enters
b. Anus – wastes leave
Examples: hookworms and Trichinella
C. Segmented worms
V.
1. Called annelida
2. Bodies are segmented or ringed
3. Earthworm
a. Has more than 100 segments
b. Body covered with mucus
c. Tiny setae or bristles used for movement
d. Have closed circulatory system
e. Oxygen enters through skin
f. Have simple nervous system
Mollusks
A. Soft bodied animals
B. Have inner or outer shells
C. Have thick muscular foot
1. Open and close shell
2. Bury themselves in sand or mud
D. Head region
1. Sense organs
2. Mouth
E. Soft mantle covers body
F. Three major groups
1. Snails, slugs, and relatives
a. Single shelled or no shell
b. Called gastropods
c. Move by means of foot
d. Use radula to eat
1.) Resembles a file
2.) Files off bits of plant matter to eat
2. Two-shelled mollusks
a. Called bivalves
b. Move by clapping shells together
c. Are filter feeders
Examples: Clams, oysters
3. Tentacled mollusks
a. Called cephalopods
b. Do not have outer shells (except the Nautilus)
c. Have tentacles
d. Move by jet propulsion
e. Produce dark-colored ink to escape