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The Civil War
U.S. History Ch. 17
“This war is not being
waged on our part for
the purpose of
conquest or interfering
with the rights of
established institutions
of the states, but to
defend and maintain
the supremacy of the
Constitution and to
preserve the Union.” –
Abraham Lincoln
Beginnings of War
President
Lincoln’s goals
for peace were
forgiving; he
wanted to
preserve the
Union under one
government
Goals of Civil War
Lincoln was more
interested in uniting
the Union than in
freeing slaves.
 Once his Emancipation
Proclamation became
law, there was no more
compromising on the
issue of human slavery.

Goals of Civil War
 Sectionalism
 Slavery
 States’
Rights,
which was also
an issue during
the Tariff of
1832
Causes of the Civil War
Economic industries
were very different:
North had more
industry and
factories. The North
was able to produce
more goods and
materials for the
Union war effort.
Contrast between North & South
Economic impact on
Southern states:
 Farm production fell
 Battles destroyed
plantations and
homes
 Inflation led to loss
of value of currency
 Blockade led to
destruction of
cotton trade
Contrast between North & South
 Northern
states relied
on a mobile
labor force
 Southern
agriculture
used slave
labor
Contrast between North & South
Ft. Sumter, South
Carolina
First shots of the
Civil War were
fired here.
 Similar to
Lexington during
the Revolutionary
War

Battles of the Civil War
Ft. Sumter, South
Carolina
South Carolina was
the 1st state to
secede from the
Union and form the
Confederate States
of America.
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Vicksburg
Grant lay siege to
Vicksburg, MS
 Siege: Military
encirclement of an
enemy position and
blockading or
bombarding it in order
to force a surrender

Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Vicksburg
Capture of
Vicksburg, MS
isolated the western
part of the
Confederacy
 Mississippi River
under Union control;
turning point of war

Battles of the Civil War
Battle of
Gettysburg
 Another
turning
point in Civil War,
similar to
Saratoga in
Revolutionary
War:
Confederates
never invaded
North again
Battles of the Civil War
Gettysburg
Address
Lincoln’s
Gettysburg
Address: to
dedicate cemetery
to the more than
50,000 casualties
of the battle
Gettysburg Address
“Fourscore and seven years ago….We here
highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain – that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom –
and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.”
–President Abraham Lincoln
 Profound statement of American ideals

Gettysburg Address
 Robert
E. Lee
was commander
of the
Confederate
forces
 Ulysses S. Grant
was commander
of the Union
forces
Commanders
General Lee
surrendered to the
Union army and
General Grant at
Appomattox Court
House in Virginia on
4-9-1865.
Similar to Yorktown,
which ended the
Revolutionary War
End of the Civil War
Lincoln believed
he could save the
Union by
broadening the
goals of the war.
 Signed on January
1, 1863; added
the abolition of
slavery in the
South

Emancipation Proclamation
Slavery was ended
everywhere in the
United States
 Turning point in
history: Americans
began to think of the
country as one nation
rather than as a
confederation of
states.

Result of the Civil War