Download Grammar Bomb Essentials

Grammar Bomb Essentials
Eight Parts of Speech
Noun
person, place, thing,
idea
teacher, Moore, desk,
hope
Pronoun
takes the place of a
noun
he, she, her, anyone,
something
Verb
shows action (AV) or
state of being (LV)
AV: ran, shoved,
spoke
LV: is, was, appeared
HV: has, have, will,
must, is, am
Preposition
relationship words
(like squirrels
relationship with a
tree)
up, around, in, inside,
over, under, down
Adjective
describes nouns and
pronouns
Adverb
describes verbs,
adjectives, and other
adverbs
green, three, beautiful,
apathetic, enthusiastic very, not, quickly,
defiantly
Conjunction
connecting words
Interjection
words of exclamation
or emotion
and, but, yet, or
Oh! Well, Ouch.
while, although, since
Parts of the Sentence
Subject
+
Predicate
(noun or pronoun along w/ modifiers) + (verb or verb phrase, along w/ modifiers).
Ex.
Ms. Durham, cranky and loud,
Pronoun Case
st
1 Person Singular
1st Person Plural
2nd Person Singular
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person Singular
3rd Person Plural
3rd Person Indefinite
+
still loves all her students.
Nominative Case
Objective Case
Possessive Case
I
we
you
you
he, she, it
they
who
me
us
you
you
him, her, it
them
whom
mine
our, ours
your, yours
your, yours
his, her, hers, its
their, theirs
whose
Sentence Grammar Analysis (in 5 Steps)
1. (pp) Bag up the garbage – note all prepositional phrases – (preposition + object of
the preposition).
2. S To find the subject, ask, “Who or What is this sentence about?” (Do-er of the
action or Be-er of description)
3. V To find the verb, ask, “…did what?” or “what’s the action or state of being?”
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Different Kinds of Verbs
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs
(State of Being)
Linking Verbs (sometimes they
act as action verbs – but when they
connect the subject to description,
they are linking verbs)
Helping Verbs (when they are
part of a verb phrase w/ a main
verb – might have given)
hit, walk, thrust, fizzle, throw, guess, chat, explode
am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been
appear, remain, sound, look, smell, taste, feel
am, are, is, was, were, be, been, have, has, had, will, would,
may, might, must, can, could, shall, should
4. AV or LV? Does the verb show action or state of being (linking subject to
description)?
5. Depending on the verb, action verb (AV) or linking verb (LV), you will identify the
completer(s).
a. AV  DO Who/What receives the action directly?
DO  IO? Who/What receives the action indirectly?
b. LV  What word describes or renames the subject?
PA Describes = adjective = Predicate Adjective
PN Renames = noun = Predicate Nominative
P
Prepositions = relationship words connecting nouns and pronouns to the details of time, space, and
direction.
Prepositional Phrases = preposition = object of the preposition (around the corner)
Some Common Prepositions:
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
amid
among
anti
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by
concerning
considering
despite
down
during
except
excepting
excluding
following
for
from
in
inside
into
like
minus
near
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
past
per
plus
regarding
round
save
since
than
through
to
toward
towards
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
versus
via
with
within
without
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