Download Biology Notes: Human Body Levels of Organization

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: Human Body Levels of Organization Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 852 ‐ 856 Cell Specialization • Zygote: _______________________ cell created by the __________________ of the __________________ and __________________ • Zygote __________________ into Embryonic __________________ cells – __________________ to become __________ type of cell • Average human: – 100 _______________________ cells – Over _______________________ types of human _______________________ Determination • Determination – Few _______________________ into development – _____________ program _____________ cell to become a _____________ cell – _______________________ Differentiation • Differentiation – Cells _______________________ the _______________________ & _______________________ of a _______________________ cell – _______________________ genes _______________________ Quick Questions • Do your muscle cells have the same DNA as your skin cells? ______________________________________ • Do your skin cells have the same DNA as your brain cells? ________________________________________ • Do your brain cells have the same DNA as your liver cells? _______________________________________ • If all your cells have the same DNA, how do they know to do different jobs? See below… Stem cell Stem cell (soon to be muscle cell) =
Stem cell Stem Cell (soon to be nerve cell) =
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During “differentiation”, certain _______________________ are _______________________ in some cells, but _______________________ in _______________________. •
What do genes direct cells to create? __________________________ •
The _____________ created in the top cell will cause the stem cell to become a _____________ cell…. •
The _____________ created in the top cell will cause the stem cell to become a _____________ cell…. Differentiation – Cells _______________________ the _______________________ & _______________________ of a _______________________ cell – _______________________ genes _______________________ • Programmed cell ___________________ (_______________________) Organization • Cell: _______________________ unit of life • Tissue: _______________________ of cells – 4 types • Muscle Tissue • _______________________ cells • _______________________, smooth, cardiac • Connective Tissue • _______________________ the body • _______________________, fat, _______________________, ligaments, blood • Epithelial Tissue • _______________________ sheet of cells • _______________________, stomach lining • Nerve Tissue • _______________________ electric signals • Brain & _______________________ Cord • Organ: Groups of _______________________ •
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Organ System: Group of _______________________ working _______________________ –
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Ex: lung contains each tissue Ex: Respiratory System Organism: all organ _______________________ working _______________________ Review 1) What is a zygote? 2) What is the specific function of a stem cell? 3) How does “determination” differ from “differentiation”? 4) Cells are programmed to die during a process called… 5) From smallest to largest, name the 5 levels of organization. 6) Name the four types of tissues: 7) Which tissue is able to stretch and contract? 8) Which tissue transmits electric signals? 9) Which tissue covers and protects the body? 10) Which tissue connects the body?