Download AP Spanish Language Semester 1 Independent Study

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AP Spanish Language Semester 1
Independent Study: Grammatically Speaking
Study Sheet
Figure It Out!
El árbitro ha hablado muchas veces con el futbolista sobre su juego violento.
Si yo hubiera sabido que él se había ido, no habría venido a jugar básquetbol.
Todos los otros corredores ya habían terminado la carrera cuando finalmente llegué.
Este equipo juega muy bien porque ha resuelto todos sus problemas.
Los consejos del entrenador son aceptados por su equipo porque tiene una buena relación
con ellos.
Aunque ese equipo ha perdido muchos partidos, sus aficionados están satisfechos con sus
esfuerzso.
El castigo establecido por su conducta es que no puede jugar con el equipo por una semana.
In the previous seven sentences dealing with different aspects of sports, what do the
underlined words have in common with each other? How are they formed? What type of
words are they? What is their function in each sentence?
Introduction
Past participles are very useful words. They can be used with the auxiliary verb haber to
form the present, past, and future perfect tenses, they can be used after the verb ser to
express the passive voice, or they can be used as adjectives after the verb estar or after a
noun. In this activity you will learn how to form both regular and irregular past participles.
Watch for further tips on forming and using compound tenses!
Past Participles: Regular
To form the past participle of regular verbs, remove the infinitive ending (–ar, –er, –ir) and
add –ado to the stem of –ar verbs, and –ido to the stem of –er and –ir verbs. The
following table illustrates the formation of regular past participles.
VERB TYPE
–ar verbs
–er verbs
–ir verbs
REGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVE VERB
FORMATION
hablar
habl– + –ado
comer
com– + –ido
vivir
viv– + –ido
PAST PARTICIPLE
hablado
comido
vivido
Past Participles: Irregular
As often happens in Spanish and in other languages, the most common verbs are also the
most irregular, and this also applies to the past participles.
There aren’t very many irregular past participles. However, they are the ones that we use
the most. And consequently, they are the ones that the AP Exam writers like to test.
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Page 2 of 5
AP Spanish Language Semester 1
Independent Study: Grammatically Speaking
Study Sheet
This table lists some of the most common irregular past participles in Spanish. Because they
don’t follow any specific pattern, you should take time to memorize them. Remember, these
past participles are used quite frequently.
INFINITIVE
VERB
abrir
cubrir
decir (i)
escribir
freír
hacer
PAST
PARTICIPLE
abierto
cubierto
dicho
escrito
frito
hecho
INFINITIVE
VERB
morir (ue)
poner
resolver (ue)
romper
ver
volver (ue)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
muerto
puesto
resuelto
roto
visto
vuelto
When a verb is derived from one of these common verbs by adding suffixes, its past
participles also show the same irregularities. Below are some examples.
Past Participle Derivatives
Infinitive
Verb
cubrir
decir
escribir
hacer
Past
Participle
cubierto
dicho
escrito
hecho
poner
puesto
volver
vuelto
Derivatives
descubierto, recubierto, etc.
contradicho, predicho, etc.
descrito, inscrito, etc.
deshecho, rehecho, satisfecho, etc.
compuesto, impuesto, opuesto, propuesto, repuesto,
supuesto, etc.
devuelto, revuelto, etc.
Some past participles that are otherwise regular end in an accented –ído to preserve the
correct pronunciation. The following table shows some of the most common examples.
INFINITIVE
VERB
caer
creer
freír
leer
PAST
PARTICIPLE
caído
creído
freído
leído
INFINITIVE
VERB
oír
reír
sonreír
traer
PAST
PARTICIPLE
oído
reído
sonreído
traído
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Page 3 of 5
AP Spanish Language Semester 1
Independent Study: Grammatically Speaking
Study Sheet
Practice Questions
A. Sentence Completion: Present Perfect
Write the appropriate form of the present perfect verb in the space provided. Pay careful
attention to the subject.
1. ¿Vosotros (haber/lavar) __________ __________ los platos para mamá?
2. Sonia, ¿(haber/salir) __________ __________ ya tus hermanos para la escuela?
3. Mi familia y yo les (haber/dar) __________ __________ mucho dinero y tiempo a los
pobres.
4. Tú (haber/decidir) __________ __________ si vas o no, ¿verdad?
5. Estos estudiantes (haber/tener) __________ __________ bastantes dificultades en sus
clases.
6. Yo (haber/aceptar) __________ __________ muchos consejos de mis padres.
7. Nosotros (haber/nacer) __________ __________ en un país latino.
8. Los soldados (haber/defender) __________ __________ la democracia y libertad de
esta nación.
9. Las jugadoras de fútbol (haber/jugar) __________ __________ bien en el partido.
10. ¿(Haber/encontrar) __________ __________ Ud. los anteojos que perdió anoche?
11. ¿(Haber/dormir) __________ __________ bien o mal los niños durante la semana
pasada?
12. ¿(Haber/poner) __________ __________ vosotros la carta en el buzón?
13. Marta y yo (haber/conocer) __________ __________ a muchos otros alumnos de otras
escuelas en la ciudad.
14. Yo (haber/guardar) __________ __________ la ropa en el ropero tal como me dijo
mamá.
15. ¿Quién (haber/descubrir) __________ __________ la solución al problema de química?
16. Mi abuelo (haber/morir) __________ __________ anoche.
17. Mis hermanos (haber/abrir) __________ __________ los bocadillos que mamá había
guardado en el refrigerador.
18. Mi bicicleta se (haber/descomponer) __________ __________. ¡Mira la cadena!
19. ¿(Haber/ver) __________ __________ Uds. la película “El Señor de los Anillos?
20. Mi primo me (haber/escribir) __________ __________ tres cartas este mes.
B. Answering Questions: Present Perfect
Answer the following questions, using the appropriate form of the present perfect in your
answers.
Modelo:
Berta, ¿has perdido tu bolsa?
Sí, he perdido mi bolsa.
1. Juana, ¿has escuchado el disco nuevo de Enrique Iglesias?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Profesor, ¿es que acaso no he sufrido lo suficiente con estos ejercicios?
_________________________________________________________________________
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AP Spanish Language Semester 1
Independent Study: Grammatically Speaking
Study Sheet
3. Miguel, ¿ha contestado tu pregunta Luisa?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Muchachos, ¿han terminado ustedes?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Chicos, ¿habéis dormido bien?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. ¿Ha cumplido tu hermano 15 años?
_________________________________________________________________________
C. Translation: Present Perfect
Translate the following sentences into Spanish using the appropriate forms of the present
perfect.
1. I have washed the dishes many times.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you (familiar) counted the money?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. We have spent all our money in Las Vegas.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. They have not arrived yet.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Where have you (singular, formal) put the flowers?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Many soldiers have fought for liberty.
_________________________________________________________________________
7. My brother has told the truth.
_________________________________________________________________________
8. We have read four novels this semester in English class.
_________________________________________________________________________
9. Have you (singular, familiar) broken any bones in your body?
_________________________________________________________________________
10. Who has written this fantastic poem?
_________________________________________________________________________
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No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
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Page 5 of 5
AP Spanish Language Semester 1
Independent Study: Grammatically Speaking
Study Sheet
D. Writing Exercise: Present Perfect
Write 6 original sentences using the appropriate verb forms in the present perfect tense.
1. ______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________
© 2002 Power-Glide. All rights reserved. This material is intended for the exclusive use of registered users only.
No portion of these materials may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express permission of
Power-Glide.