Download Freud`s theory of personality

Chapter 12:
Personality
PSY 100
Rick Grieve, Ph.D.
Western Kentucky University
Definition of Personality
Personality: a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and
behavior that persists across time and situations.
Freud and Personality
psychoanalysis
psychodynamic theory
Jean Martin Charcot
hysterical symptoms caused by psychological trauma
Freud impressed with Charcot's work
sparked an even greater interest in problems of the mind.
Freud and Personality
Josef Breuer
Studies on Hysteria
Anna O
catharsis
Freud's theory of personality
Crucial Assumptions:
Childhood experiences determine adult personality
Unconscious mental processes influence every day behavior
Unconscious conflict underlies abnormal behavior
Freud’s Theory of Personality
Structure of consciousness
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Freud's theory of personality
Structure of Personality
Id
lib id o
pleasure principle
immediate gratification
Superego
conscience
ego-ideal
Freud’s Theory of Personality
Ego
reality principle
defense mechanisms
Compromise formation
Freud’s Theory of Personality
Defense mechanisms
Repression
Rationalization
Regression
Denial
Sublimation
Isolation
Projection
Displacement
Reaction formation
Psychosexual development
5 Psychosexual Stages
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Oedipal Complex
Electra Complex
Latency
Genital Stage
Followers of Psychoanalysis
Neo-Freudians
Alfred Adler
striving for superiority
feelings of inferiority
inferiority complex
Karen Horney
No “anatomy is destiny”
Womb envy
basic anxiety
basic hostility
Carl Jung
Followers of Psychoanalysis
persona
personal unconscious
collective unconscious
archetypes
Trait Theories of Personality
Trait: a predisposition to respond to situations in a consistent way.
Trait theories rest on two assumptions .
most traits exist in all people to some degree
they assume that we can measure the degree to which a trait exists in a
person.
Gordon Allport
Trait theorists
cardinal trait
central trait
secondary trait
common traits
individual traits
Hans Eysenck
extraverts
introverts
emotional stability and instability
psychoticism
Trait Theorists
The Big Five Personality Traits
emotional stability
extraversion
openness
agreeableness
conscientiousness
The Person-Situation Debate
What really determines how a person acts?
Is it stable, internal characteristics or is it the situation in which
he finds himself?
Stable internal traits
Demand characteristics
Behavioral Theories of Personality
Dollard and Miller
Skinner
operant conditioning (contingency management)
Social Cognitive Approach
Includes a thinking person.
Proposes that people have a subjective role in learning
2 step process
Perceive the situation based on memories and expectations
Actively alter the situation or environment to suit us
Social Cognitive Approach
Albert Bandura
reciprocal determinism
self-efficacy
observational learning (modeling)
Social Cognitive Theory
Social Cognitive Approach
Walter Mischel
competencies
encodings
expectancies
plans
Humanistic Perspectives on Personality
Humanistic psychology stresses our potential as human beings for
growth, creativity, and spontaneity.
self-concept
Rogers’ Approach
Conditional positive regard
Love and praise being withheld unless he individual conforms to
parental or social standards
Unconditional positive regard
Accepting, valuing, and being positive toward another person
regardless of the person’s behavior
Rogers’ Approach
Self-concept
Individuals’ overall perceptions of their abilities, behavior, and personality
Empathy
Being a sensitive listener and understanding another’s true feelings
Genuineness
Being open with our feelings and dropping our pretenses and facades
Maslow’s Approach
Abraham Maslow
actualization
self-actualized
a hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s Approach
Personality Assessment
Projective Test
Presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to
describe it or tell a story about it
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test
Incomplete Sentences
My mother ___________________
I feel best when _______________
Men ________________________
I was embarrassed when ________
Self-Report Tests
Self-report tests
Directly ask people whether items describe their personality traits or
not
Empirically derived
MMPI
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
The most widely used and researched self-report personality test
550 true/false items, such as:
I like to read magazines
I never have trouble falling asleep
People are out to get me
MMPI
Hysteria
Depression
Hypochondriasis
Psychopathic Deviate
Masculine/Feminine
Psychastenia
Schizophrenia
Paranoia
Mania
Social Introversion
Other Self-Report Measures
NEO-PI
16 Personality Factor
BDI
References
Lefton, L. A. (1994). Psychology (5th Edition). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Nairne, J. S. (1995). Psychology: The adaptive mind. Albany, NY: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Nairne, J. S. (1999). Psychology: The adaptive mind (2nd Ed.). Albany, NY: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Santrock, J. W. (2002). Psychology (6th Edition). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.