Download cardiac pacemaker

CARDIAC PACEMAKER
Ms. Saranya N
2-May-17
Cardiac Pacemaker
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Implantable Pacemaker Systems Contain the
Following Components:
Lead wire(s)
Implantable pulse
generator (IPG)
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Pacemaker Components Combine with Body Tissue to
Form a Complete Circuit
• Pulse generator: power
source or battery
• Leads or wires
• Cathode (negative
electrode)
• Anode (positive
electrode)
• Body tissue
Lead
IPG
Anode
Cathode
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The Pulse Generator:
• Contains a battery
that provides the
energy for sending
electrical impulses
to the heart
• Houses the
circuitry that
controls pacemaker
operations
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Cardiac Pacemaker
Circuitry
Battery
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Leads Are Insulated Wires That:
• Deliver electrical
impulses from the
pulse generator to
the heart
• Sense cardiac
depolarization
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Cardiac Pacemaker
Lead
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During Pacing, the Impulse:
• Begins in the pulse
generator
• Flows through the
lead and the cathode
(–)
• Stimulates the heart
• Returns to the anode
(+)
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Cardiac Pacemaker
Impulse onset
*
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A Unipolar Pacing System Contains a Lead with Only One Electrode Within the
Heart; In This System, the Impulse:
• Flows through the
tip electrode
(cathode)
• Stimulates the
heart
• Returns through
body fluid and
tissue to the IPG
(anode)
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Cardiac Pacemaker
+
Anode
Cathode
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A Bipolar Pacing System Contains a Lead with Two Electrodes Within the
Heart. In This System, the Impulse:
• Flows through the
tip electrode
located at the end
of the lead wire
• Stimulates the
heart
• Returns to the
ring electrode
above the lead tip
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Cardiac Pacemaker
Anode
Cathode
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Most Pacemakers Perform Four Functions:
• Stimulate cardiac depolarization
• Sense intrinsic cardiac function
• Respond to increased metabolic demand by
providing rate responsive pacing
• Provide diagnostic information stored by the
pacemaker
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Types
1. Asynchronous/Fixed Rate
2. Synchronous/Demand
3. Single/Dual Chamber
Sequential (A & V)
4. Programmable/nonprogrammable
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Single-Chamber System
• The pacing lead is
implanted in the
atrium or ventricle,
depending on the
chamber to be
paced and sensed
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Advantages and Disadvantages of SingleChamber Pacing Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Implantation of a
single lead
• Single ventricular lead
does not provide AV
synchrony
• Single atrial lead does
not provide ventricular
backup if A-to-V
conduction is lost
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Dual-Chamber Systems Have Two Leads:
• One lead
implanted in the
atrium
• One lead
implanted in the
ventricle
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Benefits of Dual Chamber Pacing
•
•
•
•
Provides AV synchrony
Lower incidence of atrial fibrillation
Lower risk of systemic embolism and stroke
Lower incidence of new congestive heart
failure
• Lower mortality and higher survival rates
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PACEMAKER MODE?
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PACEMAKER MODE?
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PACEMAKER MODE?
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WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?
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WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?
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THANK YOU
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Cardiac Pacemaker
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