Download The Biological Tradition

CHAPTER 1
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The Supernatural Tradition: Supernatural influences were
formerly believed to explain abnormal behavior.
• Demons and Witches
• Stress and Melancholy
• Treatments for Possession
• Mass Hysteria
• The Moon and the Stars
The Biological Tradition: What are the underlying
assumptions of the biological approach to understanding
abnormal behavior?
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Hippocrates: Greek physician (460-377 B.C.) believed
psychological disorders could be treated like any other
disease
Galen: Roman physician (129-198 A.D.) went further with
Hippocrates theories; created an influential school of
thought that extended into the 19th century
Hippocratic-Galenic approach to abnormal behavior was
known as the humoral theory
The Biological Tradition: What are the underlying
assumptions of the biological approach to understanding
abnormal behavior?
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The 19th Century: the biological tradition was reinvigorated
because of two factors, the discovery of the nature and
cause of syphilis and strong support from well respected
American psychiatrist John P. Grey
Syphilis: caused by a bacterial microorganism entering
the brain, symptoms were delusion of grandeur or
delusion of persecution
The Psychological Tradition
How does the psychological approaches of psychoanalysis,
humanism, and behaviorism explain abnormal behavior?
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Moral Therapy: Psychosocial approach in the 19th century
that involved treating patients as normal as possible in
normal environments.
Psychosocial Treatment: Treatment practices that focus
on social and cultural factors as well as psychological
influences. Approaches include cognitive, behavioral,
and interpersonal methods
Mental Hygiene movement: Asylum reform and the
decline of moral therapy
 Psychological
Tradition….Continued
 Psychoanalytic
 Mesmer
Theory
(1734-1815) Animal magnetism, a living organism
 Charcot (1825-1893) Legitimize the practice of hypnosis
 Breuer (1842-1925) hypnotic procedures collaborated with
Freud discovering the unconscious
 Freud (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis
 Freud:
Structures of the mind
 Defense mechanisms
 Psychosexual stages of development
 Psychoanalytic thought
 Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
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 The
Psychological Tradition
 Humanistic
Theory (Read page, 19)
 Humanistic Psychology
Self-actualizing
 Person-centered therapy
 Unconditional positive regard
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 The
Behavioral Model
 Pavlov
and Classical Conditioning
 Watson and the rise of behaviorism
 The Beginnings of Behavior Therapy
 B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning
 The
Behavioral model has contributed to the understanding
and treatment of psychopathology. But it is not a complete
model since understanding more about psychopathology.
 An
Integrative Approach
 Why
is the scientific method son important in studying
abnormal behavior?