Download Review Questions Mod 11 + 2nd Half of Mod 12: Memory

Review Questions Mod 11 + 2nd Half of Mod 12: Memory
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Despite Rajan Mahadevan's incredible memory for numbers, he is worse than average at:
A) recalling birth dates
B) recalling faces
C) recalling vocabulary words
D) reading comprehension
2. Remembering is getting information out of storage. The term _____ refers to the same process.
A) encoding B) retrieval C) storage D) recording
3. "I've encoded the material and I've stored it. I just can't seem to remember it." This case best
describes a problem with:
A) encoding B) retrieval C) storage D) recording
4. If you pay no attention to the information currently in your sensory memory, that information will:
A) be transferred to short-term memory
B) stay in sensory memory until it is needed
C) disappear
D) be transferred to long-term memory
5. In the study described in your textbook on iconic memory, how many letters on average could
subjects immediately recall?
A) 4 B) 6 C) 9 D) 12
6. Martin sees a fireworks display on the Fourth of July. The display will first encounter _______
memory which will ______ sensory input.
A) short-term; limit B) eidetic; clarify C) working; amplify D) sensory; limit
7. Which is the most accurate statement regarding sensory memory?
A) Information stored in it may be recalled without conscious control.
B) It lasts much longer than it was previously thought.
C) Information stored in it will rapidly fade unless attended to.
D) It has a very limited capacity.
8. Short-term memory is also referred to as:
A) working memory B) sensory memory C) semantic memory D) long-term memory
9. Which of the following pairs accurately describes the two central characteristics of short-term
memory?
A) limited duration, limited capacity
B) limited duration, unlimited capacity
C) unlimited duration, unlimited capacity
D) unlimited duration, limited capacity
10. Tovio is an actor who is practicing his part. He keeps repeating the lines over and over and over
again. What is this called?
A) maintenance rehearsal B) memory span rehearsal C) priming D) chunking
11. Why are telephone numbers seven digits?
A) seven digits is the capacity of short-term memory
B) that is the number of bytes a computer can handle in one millisecond
C) a tradition started by the first telephone operator
D) it is the capacity of sensory memory
12. The amount of information that can be processed in short-term memory is typically increased
through:
A) mood convergence B) chunking C) elaborative rehearsal D) free recall
13. You were introduced to a number of new people at a study session. But you had a hard time
remembering their names, except the last person to whom you were introduced. What best
accounts for this memory?
A) encoding effect B) procedural effect C) recency effect D) primacy effect
14. On an exam, a student is asked to describe the three branches of government. The student must
retrieve:
A) procedural knowledge
B) episodic knowledge
C) semantic knowledge
D) hierarchical knowledge
15. Knowledge of facts and events is called ______ memory.
A) nondeclarative B) procedural C) declarative D) episodic
16. Which of the following is an example of episodic knowledge?
A) the highlights of your summer vacation
B) the steps required to clean a fish
C) the capital of Texas
D) how to the change the oil in your car
17. The textbook describes a study that tested the hypothesis that hormones released in stressful
situations improve memory. On a measure of memory, subjects in the placebo group:
A) recalled significantly more emotionally charged events
B) recalled significantly more neutral events
C) recalled significantly fewer emotionally charged events
D) recalled significantly fewer neutral events
18. The process of encoding refers to creating information in the form of _________ in memory.
A) mental codes B) visual and auditory stimuli C) emotions D) memory nodes
19. Information that is transferred into long-term memory without deliberate effort or awareness is
encoded ________.
A) emotionally B) automatically C) acoustically D) elaborately
20. Making associations between new and old information is an example of a method for
__________ encoding.
A) automatic B) semantic C) procedural D) effortful
21. Memorization through repeating information over and over may result in poor retrieval because:
A) interference is more likely to occur as the number of repetitions increases
B) repetition results in learned material rapidly decaying
C) no associations are created by repeating the information
D) memorization through repeating is usually associated with boredom and lack of motivation
22. Repeating information in a way that results in new associations is characteristic of:
A) automatic encoding
B) maintenance rehearsal
C) sensory encoding
D) elaborative rehearsal
23. Levels of processing theory argues that the best way to encode information into long-term
memory is to encode it:
A) at the deepest level which requires thinking and forming new associations
B) at the most shallow level which means analyzing only the most important information
C) by maintenance rehearsal
D) by the sound of the information
24. If you studied for a test, but at a shallow level of processing, what is the most difficult question
you could probably answer?
A) Does "psychology" have an "o" in it?
B) What is the history of psychology?
C) Does the word "psychology" sound similar to the word "sociology?"
D) Describe the definition of psychology.
25. The main problem with repressed memories of childhood abuse is that:
A) very few people can remember that far back
B) we now know that the "unconscious" does not exist
C) therapists may unwittingly help patients form memories which seem to explain their key
problems
D) so far, all the claimed cases of abuse in childhood have been proven to be lies
26. Which of the following cultures is most likely to have an oral tradition?
A) Ghana B) Canada C) Germany D) England
27. Why do adults tend not to have eidetic imagery?
A) Society considers eidetic imagery to be childish.
B) Adults use and rely more on words than pictures.
C) Adults have more sophisticated nervous systems.
D) Eidetic imagery is based on vision, and vision tends to worsen in adulthood.
28. Mental reminders that are created when you form vivid mental images of information are called:
A) retrieval cue B) echoic device C) pegword cue D) processing distraction
29. "Oh, I know the answer to this question. I can just feel it. Don't say it. Oh, come on. I know it." If
you have ever experienced this, then you are familiar with:
A) proactive interference
B) primary interference
C) tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
D) source misattribution
30. According to the text, the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon results from:
A) nodes that are misaligned
B) inadequate retrieval cues or interference
C) amnesia
D) misfirings in the nerves that make up the hippocampus
31. Brain scans are advancing our knowledge of remembering and forgetting by identifying the:
A) struggle of the cortex to control the amygdala and hippocampus
B) neural assemblies that form long-term memories
C) brain areas involved in processing and storing different thoughts and memories
D) precise synapses where new memories are formed
32. Rolando wants to memorize a list of items to take on a camping trip. He uses "Four is a door" to
remember the fourth item, imagining a sleeping bag up against the door. Rolando is using:
A) rhyme word system B) peg method C) elaboration D) method of loci
33. An Australian Aborigine might not score well on Western intelligence tests because Aborigines:
A) utilize more visual cues than verbal cues
B) are not as intelligent as Americans
C) would score better than Americans
D) people would score the same, regardless of their cultural background
34. The textbook describes a real-life case of a priest who was positively identified incorrectly as a
robber. What role, if any, did the police have in this misidentification?
A) The police had evidence that the priest had a history of robbery.
B) The police misled the witnesses in their questioning of them.
C) The police played no role; it was a case of mistaken identity.
D) One specific witness was very confident that the priest was the criminal and the
police were misled.
35. When Tanner looks at a picture taken thirty years ago of his brother and himself sitting on Santa
Claus' lap, he claims he remembers the event. But, what if the reason why he remembers it is
because of the picture itself? Or does he have a true memory of his visit with Santa Claus?
This is called:
A) source conflict B) memory loci C) cognitive labeling D) source misattribution
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
36. Sensory memory holds information for up to 30 seconds.
37. A function of sensory memory is that it increases the amount of information coming
in to our memory.
38. Information in short-term memory is normally held a day or two.
39. Short-term memory can hold about 7 items.
40. Chunking occurs when information blocks other information in memory.
41. Semantic and episodic memories are examples of declarative memory.
42. If you are encoding information into memory without much effort or awareness,
you are experiencing automatic encoding.
43. False memories can be implanted by suggestion.
44. Eidetic imagery is common among children.
45. Repression occurs when we act in a way consistent with an earlier developmental stage.
46. In proactive interference, new memories are interfering with old memories.
47. The more bizarre the association the better our memory will be.
48. Mnemonics are a group of neurotransmitters that facilitate memory.
49. Culture appears to have no effect on the encoding and recall of information.
50. Misinformation can be introduced by the wording of questions.
Short Answer: 3 pts each! 3 to 5 Sentence Answers! Please write your answers on a separate
sheet and staple it to this one!
51. Contrast sensory, short-term memory, and long-term memory with regard to function,
storage capacity, and retrieval.
52. Explain how attention plays an important role in memory.
53. What are flashbulb memories? Discuss the accuracy of flashbulb memories?
54. Present a summary of state-dependent learning and how you might apply it to
your own life as a student.
55. Explain the effect that long-term potentiations have on the nervous system.
56. What is source attribution and how is it related to introducing misinformation
in an individual's memory?
Regular Essays
- Regular Essay Topics: You will do 2 of the 3 on the test.
1. Describe sensory, short term and long term memory. Include chunking,
Iconic and Echoic memory.
2. Memories physical storage – How memories are recorded.
3. Repressed Memories.