Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 12 Nutrition
Document related concepts
Transcript
Nutrition Chapter 12 Basic Nutrients NUTRIENTS Nutrient - component of food necessary to support life. 1. Carbohydrates - supply energy and structure for cells 2. Proteins - supply energy and structure for cells 3. Fats - supply energy and structure for cells 4. Water - required for bodily functions 5. Minerals - required for bodily functions 6. Vitamins - metabolic functions 1. Carbohydrates a. provide glucose to maintain blood sugar b. create lactose in milk c. converted to glycogen as a cellular energy reserve d. converted to fat as a body reserve Monosaccharides - simple carbohydrates (glucose & fructose) Polysaccharides - complex carbohydrates (starch & cellulose) Role of fiber in the diet: Slows emptying of stomach Increases amount of water held in feces. 2. Proteins (composed of amino acids) a. develop and repair organs and tissues (muscles, nerves, skin, hair, hooves, feathers) b. produce milk, wool, eggs c. building material for enzymes and hormones d. develop antibodies i. Essential Amino Acids - must be supplied in the diet ii. Nonessential Amino Acids - can be synthesized from other amino acids Different for each species - table 12-2 3. Lipids - fats and oils a. Immediate energy supply OR stored as a reserve b. Insulation from cold c. Source of essential fatty acids d. Increase palatability of food 4. Water - most critical nutrient a. 2/3 of the body is composed of water b. Hydrolysis - adding water to a molecule to break it into smaller parts c. Transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones into blood & lymph d. Evaporation controls body temperature. 5. Vitamins - organic compounds that maintain health and function of animal a. regulate digestion, absorption, and metabolism b. develops vision, bone, fur and feathers c. strengthens immune system Water Soluble a. B Vitamins & Vitamin C b. Not stored in the body; required in diet Fat Soluble v. Vitamins A, D, E, K vi. Stored in the body; daily intake not required 6. Minerals - inorganic compounds involved with metabolism a. Macrominerals - required in largest amounts (Ca, K, Na, P, Mg, S, Cl) b. Microminerals - required in small amounts; (Fe, I, Cu, Se, Zn) c. Trace Minerals - included in hormones (iodine in thyroid hormone) RATIONS - Dry matter % of feed is critical in evaluating how much food the animal is consuming. - Percentage of feed ingredient that remains when all water is removed. - Ex: Cow consumes 100lb of a ration with dry matter 50%. What happens when the ration becomes more wet? (45% dry matter) Pounds of total ration = pounds dry matter / percent dry matter = 50 / 0.45 = 111 lbs CLINICAL PRACTICE - Nutrients may become toxic if excess is consumed. Copper Toxicity • sheep are more sensitive • stressed animals release copper into bloodstream • RBC break down in the vessels • large amounts of hemoglobin spill into urine; damages kidneys Salt Toxicity • swine are more sensitive • free access to salt combined with water restriction • results in high sodium levels in the brain Thiamine Deficiency • Polioencephalomlacia/PEM or Polio • thiamine controls chemical reactions that produce cellular energy • lack of thiamine = lack of cellular energy Taurine Deficiency • cats are unable to produce sufficient amounts • blindness • reproduction problems • cardiac problems
