Download Example: The number of defective items on a production line on 20

Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Preparatory Mathematics:
Using Spreadsheets for data representation and
summary statistics
1
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Section 1: Charting Data as a Histogram
Example 1 The number of defective items on a production line on 20
successive days is given below.
12
14
9
13
11
15
10
12
14
13
12
11
13
12
15
9
14
12
13
10
Construct a frequency table in an excel worksheet and hence plot a histogram
of the data.
Solution
Having first widened the columns A and B, fill in the frequency table derived
from the data above in cells A3 to B10
X (Defective Items)
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
f (Number of Days)
2
2
2
5
4
3
2
Highlight the cells B4 to B10
Choose the Insert tab and select Column from the Charts subgroup. Select
the first of the 2d columns, and you will see the chart shown below right.
2
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
To get the correct X-axis labels:
Right click on chart and choose Select Data:
This will bring up:
Click edit under Horizontal (Category) Axis Labels, then select A4 to A10
Click OK twice to close the dialogue boxes and you will see the graph:
3
Prep Mathematics
As
1.
2.
3.
4.
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
discussed in lectures for a useful Histogram
Your graph must have a title.
You must label each axis.
You must put units on each axis.
If possible indicate where the data comes from in a footnote.
To do this the best thing to do is to click on any part of the graph so that
Chart Tools appears at the top of your window, and select the Layout tab
To edit the Chart title, choose Chart Title -> Above Chart and then edit this
to say Defective Items per Day
To edit the Category X axis title, choose Axis Titles -> Primary Horizontal
Axis Title -> Title Below Axis and then edit this to say X (Defective Items)
To edit the Value Y axis title, choose Axis Titles -> Primary Vertical Axis
Title -> Rotated Title and then edit this to say f (Number of Days)
The chart now appears as:
To get rid of the Series 1 legend
In the chart right click on the
Series 1 legend and select Delete select Delete from the drop down menu
that appears.
The chart now appears as:
4
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Now fill in the summary sheet below to recap on how draw a histogram:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Changing aspects of the chart:
Sometimes it is necessary to change aspects of the graph such as scale etc.
In general if you RIGHT CLICK on the part of the chart you wish to change a
drop down menu will appear.
For example To change the scale of an axis:
Right click on the axis (for example, we will right click on the Y axis), and
select Format axis option
You then have the option to change the maximum or minimum values and
also change the space between the ticks on the axis and where the X and Y
axes cross.
Rename your worksheet Histogram by right-clicking on Sheet 1 at the
bottom of your window and choosing Rename
5
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
The chart will now appear as follows with the units on the vertical axis now
increasing in 2’s:
Experiment with changing the other options on this Format Axis menu and
see how the chart changes.
6
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Example 2 The salaries (in €000’s) of 50 employees in a large corporation
are given below.
10.2
21.2
23.49
43.78
42.23
35.7
10.2
16.61
25.55
62.21
12.1
33.76
17.12
37.76
68.37
19.2
34.12
49.16
18.81
11.2
17.5
41.65
55.12
49.12
27.89
44.21
29.43
39.17
38.71
39.87
15.5
21.0
35.63
33.34
52.3
22.3
34.47
41.25
56.72
41.23
25.6
38.72
37.73
30.0
19.54
28.6
32.12
29.15
47.76
28.87
From a grouped frequency table produce a Histogram of the data on Sheet 1
workbook of a new spreadsheet. Rename this Sheet 1 workbook as
Histogram Salaries. From the histogram find the modal class of the salaries
data.
Solution:
In class we used tallies to produce a Grouped Frequency Table as follows:
X (Salaries in €000’s)
From 10 to under 20
From 20 to under 30
From 30 to under 40
From 40 to under 50
From 50 to under 60
From 60 to under 70
f (No. of Employees)
11
12
13
9
3
2
Open a new workbook and before doing anything else save it as
GroupedData. On the worksheet Sheet 1 widen the columns A and B and
then fill the table above into the spreadsheet the starting in cell A1. (you
can paste the data from the softcopy of this document on the moodle site).
Rename the tab for the workbook to be Histogram Salaries . When finished
the worksheet should look like:
Now proceed as in section 1 to use this table to produce a histogram of this
grouped data, labelled appropriately and hence calculate the modal class.
7
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Practice Example (optional): A group of 25 people are asked for their weight
to the nearest lb. Here are the answers.
145, 143, 161, 156, 159, 159, 154, 153, 167, 155, 151, 146, 148, 160, 134,
143, 155, 157, 142, 171, 146, 163, 161, 153, 172
1. Fill in the Grouped Frequency Table for these data is below.
X (Weights in lbs)
From 130 to under 140
From 140 to under 150
From 150 to under 160
From 160 to under 170
From 170 to under 180
f (frequency)
2. Input this table into Excel
In an Excel workbook:
3. Create a histogram for this table with labelled axes and a Title. What is
the modal class weight of the data?
Save your workbook to your file area.
8
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Section 2: Calculating Summary Statistics
Example 1 (Calculate the Median of a set of data)
The salaries (in €000’s) of 50 employees in a large corporation
are listed opposite. Construct a spreadsheet that calculates
the mean number of defective items per day and also the
standard deviation for the data.

Note:
The fill handle on the bottom right-hand corner of the active cell
is used to copy the contents of that cell to other cells.
Fill Handle
10.2
35.7
12.1
19.2
17.5
44.21
15.5
22.3
25.6
28.6
21.2
10.2
33.76
34.12
41.65
29.43
21.0
34.47
38.72
32.12
23.49
16.61
17.12
49.16
55.12
39.17
35.63
41.25
37.73
29.15
43.78
25.55
37.76
18.81
49.12
38.71
33.34
56.72
30.0
47.76
42.23
62.21
68.37
11.2
27.89
39.87
52.3
41.23
19.54
28.87
9
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Solution:
Open a new workbook, click on the first worksheet and change the tab name
to Salaries Medians.
Widen the columns A, B in the worksheet.
When constructing a spreadsheet with calculations it is very important to
use good headings and comments so that somebody else using the
spreadsheet (after this described as the user) is aware of what is being
done.
In this case in the cells A1 to B1 fill in the following as headings (they are
what we used in class):
List
Position on list
Reverse Position on list
Paste the data from the softcopy of this document on the moodle site into
cells A2 to A51 columns. Rename the tab on the worksheet as Median.
The top of the spreadsheet now looks like :
Next highlight the cells from A2 down to A51. From the Home Tab
select the tiny triangle on the Sort&Filter option and the following appears:
Select Sort Smallest to Largest and then the following appears:
Make sure you click on Continue with the current selection and then click Sort
10
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
The data will then appear sorted as below:
Next we wish to put a number for the position of each piece of data in the
column B. The good news is that we don’t need to write the numbers 1 to 50
in the cells B2 down to B51. The quickest way to do this is to fill the numbers
1 and 2 in cells B2 and B3. Then highlight the TWO cells together and catch
with the mouse the fill handle which is a little black box that has appeared in
the bottom right of cell B3.
Pull and drag this down to cell B51 and excel will have picked up on the
pattern 1, 2 and will fill in the numbers 1 -50 in the cells B2 to B51 and so the
top of the spreadsheet appears as follows:
You are now in a position to proceed as we did in class to pick out the middle
of the list and calculate the median.
11
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Next we wish to put a number for the ‘reverse’ position of each piece of data
in the column C. The good news is that we don’t need to write the numbers
50 to 1 in the cells C2 down to C51. The quickest way to do this is to fill the
numbers 50 and 49 in cells C2 and C3. Then highlight the TWO cells
together and catch with the mouse the fill handle which is a little black box
that has appeared in the bottom right of cell C3 and pull and drag this down to
cell C51. So the top of the spreadsheet appears as follows:
You are now in a position to proceed as we did in class to pick out the middle
of the list and calculate the median.
The median is :
_______________________
(Here it is the average of_______________AND _________________.)
Quick Check
The last couple of pages have really been about sorting data, which is an
important aspect of data handling.
For this data set (sorted or not!) you can use the formula
=median(A2:A51)
to calculate the median. Try it!
Learning to learn exercise:
Write a summary “how to list” for how to use a spreadsheet to calculate the
median of a set of complete data.
1 Construct a spreadsheet to calculate the mean and standard deviation
from a set of complete data (using formulae).
12
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Example 2 (Calculate the Mean and Standard Deviation of a set of data)
The salaries (in €000’s) of 50 employees in a large corporation are listed
opposite. Construct a spreadsheet that calculates the mean
10.2
number of defective items per day and also the standard
35.7
12.1
deviation for the data.
Summary of Method from lectures:
A. First we calculate the mean
B. Next subtract the mean away from each number in
the original set.
C. Now square each of these “deviations” from the
mean.
D. Next calculate the standard deviation of the set of
numbers by finding the square root of the average
(mean) of these squared deviations
s
e x  x j
n
2
19.2
17.5
44.21
15.5
22.3
25.6
28.6
21.2
10.2
33.76
34.12
41.65
29.43
21.0
34.47
38.72
32.12
23.49
16.61
17.12
49.16
55.12
39.17
35.63
41.25
37.73
29.15
43.78
25.55
37.76
18.81
49.12
38.71
33.34
56.72
30.0
47.76
42.23
62.21
68.37
11.2
27.89
39.87
52.3
41.23
19.54
28.87
13
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Solution:
Open a new workbook, click on the first worksheet and change the tab name
to Salaries Statistics.
Widen the columns A, B, C, D in the worksheet.
When constructing a spreadsheet with calculations it is very important to
use good headings and comments so that somebody else using the
spreadsheet (after this described as the user) is aware of what is being
done.
In this case in the cells A1 to D1 fill in the following as headings (they are
what we are going to do to parallel what was done in class):
x
meanx
(x-meanx)
(x-meanx)^2
Note that the headings in class would have looked like:
x
x
x  x 
dx  xi
2
Paste the data from the softcopy of this document on the moodle site into
cells A2 to A51 columns.
The top of the spreadsheet now looks like:
Step A. Calculate the mean of the salaries:
1. Add up the salaries:
In cell A52 type in the formula:
=SUM(A2:A51)
In the cell A53 fill in the text
is sum of the x
so that a user knows what the number in cell A53 means.
14
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
The bottom of the spreadsheet where
the data ends now looks like:
2. To find the mean salaries we want to divide the sum of the salaries
by the number of employees ( in this case 50)
In the cell E2 fill in the text
Mean =
so that the user knows what is in the next cell.
In the cell E3 fill in the formula:
=A52/50
This calculates the mean value of 50 salaries.
The top of spreadsheet now looks like :
Step B. Find the difference of each salary from the mean
1. Fill in the mean of x into each of the cells in column B.
To do this
First type
=$E$3
in cell B2.
Next using the fill handle pull drag the contents of cell B2 all the way
down to B51 to copy it into the cells below B2.
(What the $ signs do is to lock on to the cell E3 which contains the
mean value.)
The spreadsheet now looks like:
15
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
2. Subtract the mean salary from each of the salaries
In cell C2 fill in the formula:
= A2 - B2
Next using the fill handle pull drag the contents of cell C2 all the way
down to C51 to copy it into the cells below C2. (this works out the
difference from the mean for each of the salaries)
Note the way the values are all different and some are positive and
some are negative. The spreadsheet now looks like:
Step C: Square the differences between the mean salary and each of the salaries:
In cell D2 fill in the formula:
= C2^2
Next pulling the fill handle drag the contents of cell D2 all the way down to
D51 to copy it into the cells below D2. (this works out the square of the
difference from the mean for each of the salaries)
Note the way the values are different and positive. The spreadsheet now
looks like:
Step D: Calculate the Standard Deviation
1.
Sum the differences between the mean salary and each of the
salaries:
In cell D52 fill in
=SUM(D2:D51)
Also in cell D53 fill in the text
Is Sum of (x-meanx)^2
so that the user knows what has been calculated in cell D52.
The bottom of the spreadsheet now looks like:
16
Prep Mathematics
2.
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Calculate the standard deviation of the salaries finding the square
root of the average (mean) of these squared deviations:
s
2
x

x
e
j

In cell E4 fill in the text
n
Standard deviavation =
so that the user can see easily what is to be calculated in cell F5 and
the formula used to do the calculation.
In cell E5 (to finish calculating the standard deviation using the
formula we did in class) fill in
=sqrt(D52/50)
or
=( D52/50)^0.5
The top of spreadsheet now looks like:
Viewing Formulae: To check the formulas etc. if you toggle to the formula
view and you should see: (see footnote 3 page 29 for how to TOGGLE views)
Notice that the cells in which data or text was entered does not change and
you can easily see the formulas being used. (Note that sometimes column
widths etc have to re-adjusted after toggling between views).
Learning to learn exercise:
Write a summary “how to list” for how to use a spreadsheet to construct a
spreadsheet to calculate the mean and standard deviation from a set of
complete data (using formulae).
17
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Footnote 1:
Footnote 1 Filled in summary on how draw a histogram:
1
Widen two adjacent columns in a spreadsheet.
2
Fill in frequency table WITH TITLES in the two columns
3
Highlight the frequency data
4
Select the first of the 2d Column chart type from the Insert Tab
5 To get the correct X-axis labels right click on the chart and choose Select Data
6 Under the Horizontal ( Category) Axis labels press the Edit button and then
select the cells containing the class categories( X)
7
Click on any part of the graph so that Chart Tools appears at the top of your
window, and select the Layout tab
8
To edit the Chart title, choose Chart Title -> Above Chart and then change the
text in the title above the chart to an appropriate name.
9
To edit the Category X axis title, choose Axis Titles -> Primary Horizontal Axis Title
-> Title Below Axis and then change the text in the horizontal axis title an
appropriate name.
10 To edit the Value Y axis title, choose Axis Titles -> Primary Vertical Axis Title ->
Rotated Title and change the text in the vertical axis title an appropriate name.
11 Save the workbook.
18
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
Footnote 2:
Starting Excel
(1) Click Start
2015
Some basics on Excel 2010
at the bottom left of the screen
(2) Select Programs
(3) Select Microsoft Applications
(4) Select Microsoft Excel
Excel will open a blank Workbook.
Each Workbook will have several Worksheets
Examine this workspace and look at the figure below to see some of the
names given to various sections of the screen.
Cells
Figure 2 - Microsoft Excel Screen
To start with some important components are detailed below in Figure 3
Active Cell
Formula Bar
Fill Handle

Figure 3
There is a box surrounding a particular cell which means this cell is
currently selected or active. The address of the active cell appears in
the reference area (also called the Name Box)above column A. In Figure
3, the active cell is A1.
19
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015

The formula bar displays the contents of the active cell.

The fill handle on the bottom right-hand corner of the active cell is used
to copy the contents of that cell to other cells.
Fill Handle

The main part of the window contains the current worksheet - the
spreadsheet that is being edited. An Excel worksheet has-wait for it!264 columns and 65,536 rows. Thus, you have plenty of space to work in!
Examining Ribbon Tab Menus
Before delving deeper into the particulars of creating and formatting a
particular spread sheet we will take the time to examine the several
different ways to access commands and functions in Excel.
Quick Access Toolbar
The Quick Access Toolbar at the top left corner of the excel window
contains shortcuts for
Save,
Undo, Redo, Quickprint
IF THERE IS A
SYMBOL BESIDE THE BUTTON ON ANY MENU THIS MEANS
THAT THERE IS A FURTHER DROP-DOWN MENU CONTAINING MORE
FUNCTIONS.
The File Tab
The File Tab located in the upper left-hand corner of the program window,
replaces the File menu in previous versions of Microsoft Excel.
The Office Button menu contains basic file management commands,
including New, Open, Save, Save As, Print and Close.
20
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Ribbon Tab Menus
All the other functions in Excel 2010 are organised into Tab Menus.
The most commonly used menus are Home, Insert, PageLayout, Formulas,
Data. Briefly examine these five menus. (note the similarities and
differences with MS-Word).
Home
This contains most functions to do with formatting cells, inserting and
deleting rows and columns, sorting data. Also copying and pasting ( under
the Clipboard section)
Insert
This contains functions important to us in terms of inserting graphs in
particular.
Formulas
This contains functions important to engineers in particular about using the
Excel Function Library of pre-defined mathematical functions.
21
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Data.
This contains functions important to engineers regarding sorting, filtering
and importing data from experimental work.
PageLayout
This contains functions needed to format print-outs from Excel.
The Home Menu Tab Groups
The icons on each tab are grouped in accordance with their function.
Looking at some of the Home Menu tab groups
The Format drop down menu
contains a lot of useful
functions to do with cells and
their widths etc.
Cells:
Number
This drop down menu contains options for how the cells store
the numbers in different formats: eg text, decimal numbers,
dates, scientific notation. Place a number in cell A1 and then
change the type of display of the number by selecting number
types from this drop-down menu and see the effect.
Pay particular
attention to
Currencies
Decimals etc
This symbol allows you to increase or decrease the number of
decimals on display in any cell
22
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Editing

Click on the drop down menu
on
the Autosum button  button and
see the different ready-made functions
available.
 MAX or MIN: the biggest (or
smallest) number in a range.
 COUNT: the total number of entries
in the cells you’ve selected
 AVERAGE:

The Autosum button :
pick a range of cells, and
click this to get the sum
of all of them.

Click on the drop down menu
on the
Sort& Filter button and see the Sort AZ
button which sorts a list into Ascending
order; the AZ button into Descending
order.
Formulae
Pressing the fx button on the formula bar
will bring up a dialogue box which gives
access to all kinds of statistical,
mathematical and other functions
23
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Saving a Workbook:
The first thing you should always do when working in excel is to save the
workshhet you are working on!Workbooks are saved in a similar manner to
word documents.
Saving for the first time:
Click on the Save as option from the File tab, navigate to the folder you
wish to save the workbook (excel file) in and save it using an appropriate
name ( you can only use letters and numbers in the names).
Important
Note that certain symbols are not allowed in file names e.g , . \ / ! ? and so
on. As a rule, do not put symbols in your file names!
It is recommended that you save your work safely as you
go.
24
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Selecting parts of a spreadsheet
Before looking at formatting a spreadsheet we will first look at how to
select various parts of an active worksheet.
To select an entire
column of cells,
Click the letter at the top
of the column.
To select the entire
worksheet,
Click the button to the
left of the heading for
column A.
To select an entire row, Click the number to the left of the row.
You may drag the mouse to select multiple columns and rows
To select a (rectangular) chunk of the worksheet
Click the mouse pointer on the top-left cell of the chunk, hold the mouse
button down, and move the pointer-which looks like a
over the cells to
the bottom-right cell of the chunk to be selected. Release the mouse button
when all the cells have been covered.
To select two separate areas of the worksheet
Select one area, then hold the CTRL key while selecting the other area.
25
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Changing the name of the worksheet tab
We can make our spreadsheet much more user friendly by changing the tab
name on the active worksheet. To do this you can either
1 double click on the tab at the bottom of the worksheet which
contains the name ‘Sheet 1’ OR
2 Right click on the name tab and choose rename from the menu that
appears
The tab should become highlighted in black and you can now enter any
sensible name you want on the sheet tab. Certain symbols are not allowed
in sheet names like / \ , . ! ? and so on. Avoid symbols in sheet names!
Moving or copying worksheets
Move or Copy sheets WITHIN the current file:
Method 1.
Right Click on the Worksheet tab name and choose Move or Copy from the
menu that appears
Highlight
Sheet 3
and click on the
Create a copy box
Click OK and a copy of the sheet you copies will appear before sheet 3 with
(2) at the end of it. You can now re-name the worksheet by clicking on the
Worksheet tab and re-naming appropriately.
There are two better methods to do this below. We have shown you this one
as it is the only way to copy sheets between workbooks.
26
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Method 2:
On the Home tab, in the Cells
group, click Format, and then
under Organize Sheets, click Move or Copy Sheet.
Method 3:

To move sheets within the current
workbook,
click on the tab of the sheet
and drag the selected sheets along
the row of sheet tabs.
Let go when you’ve got to the right
place.

To copy the sheets, hold down CTRL, and then drag the sheets; release
the mouse button before you release the CTRL key.
Move or Copy sheets TO A NEW file:




Right Click on the Worksheet tab name and choose Move or Copy from
the menu that appears i.e. click Move or Copy Sheet.
In the “To book” box, click the workbook to receive the sheets.
 To move or copy the selected sheets to a new workbook, click new
book.
In the “Before sheet” box, click the sheet before which you want to
insert the moved or copied sheets.
To copy the sheets instead of moving them, select the Create a copy
check box.
27
Prep Mathematics
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Some Editing
Spreadsheets also permit particularly flexible editing facilities allowing us to
radically restructure an existing worksheet without having to re-type it from
scratch or redo calculations!. In this section, we'll look at typical
spreadsheet editing actions.
To insert a new column to the left of another column,
Select the column by clicking on the letter on the top of the column. Then
right click and from the menu that appears choose Insert
Or select any cell on that column and then from the Home Tab in the Cells
group from the Insert drop down menu select Insert Sheet Columns.
To insert a new row above another row,
Select the row by clicking on the number at the end of the row. Then right
click and from the menu that appears choose Insert or select any cell on
that column and then from the Home Tab in the Cells section from the
Insert drop down menu select Insert Sheet Rows.
To copy one (rectangular) section of spreadsheet to another section,
Select the cells then either right click and from the menu that appears
choose Copy or choose
from the Clipboard section of the Home menu
tab. The border of the selected square of cells flashes. Select the top-left
cell of the new position within the worksheet. Either right click and from
the menu that appears choose Paste or choose
from the Clipboard
group of the Home menu tab. The cell values are copied to the new
location.
To move one (square) section of spreadsheet to another section,
Select the cells then either right click and from the menu that appears
choose Cut or choose
from the Clipboard group of the Home menu tab.
The border of the selected square of cells flashes. Select the top-left cell of
the new position within the document and right click and from the menu
that appears choose Paste or choose
from the Clipboard group of the
Home menu tab. The cell values are moved to the new location.
Other ways to copy to adjacent cells:
We can copy contents of individual cells in a simpler and quicker way than
"copy-and-paste." To copy the contents of a single cell to other
(adjacent) cells

Click the cell.

Move the cursor over the fill handle, that is, the dot at the bottom
right-hand corner of the active cell. (The cursor changes to a smaller
plus sign +)
28
Prep Mathematics


Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Click the mouse and hold the button down.
Drag the cursor over the cells to be copied into and release the button.
Entering data
Entering data is the same as entering headings, although it is the last
activity to be performed after the spreadsheet has been set up and
formatted.
Entering formulae
The strength of spreadsheets is their ability to perform sophisticated
calculations at lightning speed. We can specify exactly what these
calculations are by entering formulae into the spreadsheet.
With a formula, you must place an equals sign ('=') at the beginning
of it.
Formulae are built up using the usual arithmetic operators (for example, +, , *, /), and by using a whole host of functions provided by Excel for
performing statistical, financial and engineering calculations to mention
but a few (recall
button on the standard toolbar). The general form of
these functions is the same:
= FUNCTION NAME (first cell : last cell)
Thus, to calculate the average of the data in cells B4 through D10 we'd use
the AVERAGE function:
=AVERAGE(B4:D10)
Figure 4 lists some of the functions we'll be using. (Full details of all
functions can be acquired from the Help menu.)
Function
Adding
Dividing
What to type (examples)
=B4+B5+B6+B7+B8+B9
or, alternatively
=SUM(B4:B9)
=D5-E3
=B4*B5*B6*B7*B8*B9
or, alternatively
=PRODUCT(B4:B9)
=F2/E3
Average
=AVERAGE(B4:B9)
Minimum
Maximum
=MIN(B4:B9)
=MAX(B4:B9)
Subtracting
Multiplying
What it does
Adds values stored in cells B4 to B9
Subtracts value in E3 from value in D5
Multiplies values stored in cells B4 to B9
Divides value in F2 by value in E3 (be
careful of dividing by zero)
Finds average of values in square of cells
B4 to B9
Finds minimum value in B4 to B9
Finds maximum value in B4 to B9
Figure 4- Some useful Excel functions
29
Prep Mathematics
Footnote3:
Computer Lab Tasks
2015
Viewing Formulae (instead of Values):
Shortcut for switching between displaying formulas and their values on a worksheet
Press CTRL and the + ` (grave accent) key
(This is below the Esc and beside the 1 key on the keyboard)
This is a TOGGLE key so pressing CTRL
previous view which was of the numbers.
again will return the view to the
OR
On the Formula tab menu click the
Show Formulas button
on the Formula Auditing section of
menu tab
This is a TOGGLE button so clicking it again will return the view to the
previous view which was of the numbers.
Exercise:
1. Open a new workbook.
2. In cell A2 on Sheet 1 type in the number 6.
3. In the adjacent cell B2 type in the following:
= 20*A2 – A2/3
The number 118 should appear in cell B2.
4. Using the instructions given above make the formula appear in the
cell.
5. Now using the instructions given above change the spreadsheet back
to regular view. The number 118 should now be visible in cell B2
again.
Regular view
Formula view:
30