Download Sexually Transmitted Infections - Belle Vernon Area School District

Ms. Fitchwell
Health Education
Why should we talk about Sexually Transmitted
Infections?
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AIDS has caused 30 MILLION DEATHS (Total Worldwide)
Approximately 6.2 million new HPV infections occurred in 2000 among
Americans aged 15-44; of these infections, 74% (4.6 million) occurred among
15-24-year-olds.
HPV
5% of all cancers worldwide
Essentially all cervical cancers
4,000 deaths annually (cervical cancer)
5,000 diagnosed annually (anal cancer)
75% oropharyngeal cancers
1,500 women diagnosed annually (vulvar cancer)
500 women diagnosed annually (vaginal cancer)
400 men diagnosed annually (penile cancer)
Need more???
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1 out of 4 sexually active females under the age of 19 are
getting an STI.
Nearly half of the 19 million new STI’s each year are among
young people aged 15–24 years in the USA
WHAT ARE STI’S?
Infectious diseases that are spread from
person to person through intimate sexual
contact
 Dangers of STI’s
1. Can be deadly
2. Can cause sterility
However…
Most STI’s can be cured! There are more than
50 different types of STI’s that range from
life-threatening to merely irritating.
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STI’s – The Hidden Epidemic
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Many STI’s go undiagnosed
Many STI’s can be asymptomatic – without
symptoms
Results…
People who do not seek treatment b/c they
do not know they are infected
People who are infected but don’t know will
continue to transmit STI’s
People who contract an STI from someone
who is infected (without knowing) will pass
the STI on to others.
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Consequences of STI’s
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STI’s can be serious and can cause
major damage to the body
- some are incurable
- some cause cancer
- some can cause reproductive
complications
- some can be passed from mother to
child, before, during, or after birth
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Categories of STI’s
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STI’s are classified as 1 of 3 types:
Bacterial
Viral
Parasitic
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Do you remember what the biggest difference is between Bacterial
infections and Viral infections?
Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics. If treated early
enough, there will be no long term effects.
Viral infections can not be treated with antibiotics. Once they are
in your system, they are not going away. Any medication taken is
for the symptoms only. The virus will still be there.
What does it mean to be asymptomatic?
It means there may not be any symptoms, but it can still be spread
from person to person.
Bacterial STI’s
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Bacterial
- Single cell organism capable of
reproducing on their own
- can be cured by using antibiotics
prescribed by a doctor
- Can be cured, but many times the
damage caused by the STI cannot be
reversed
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Bacterial STI’s
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Chlamydia – most common STI
- If left untreated, it will cause serious painful
infections of the urinary tract and discharge
in men.
- If left untreated, can result in PID or sterility
in both sexes
- enters the body by the mouth, rectum,
vagina or penis
For Women :
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New or different vaginal discharge
Burning sensation when urinating (when you pee)
Lower abdominal pain, sometimes with fever or chills
Painful sexual intercourse
Bleeding between periods
Bleeding after having sex
For Men :
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Penile discharge (clear or whitish liquid coming out of the penis)
Icthy feeling inside the penis
Burning sensation while urinating (when you pee)
Sore and/or swollen testicles
Bacterial STD’s
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Gonorrhea – infection of the urinary tract of males and
females, and the reproductive organs of females
- painful urination and discharge.
- Symptoms in females can be very mild and may not be
noticed. If left untreated, sterility in both sexes.
- An infected female can transmit gonorrhea to her baby
during birth which can cause blindness
- enters by direct mucous membrane contact during sex
through mouth, penis, vagina, anus and throat
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Can be found on parts of the
body other than the genitalia
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A gonorrhea
infection in the eye.
“The drip"
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Slang for gonorrhea, because a typical
symptom of this sexually transmitted
disease (STD) is a discharge—or a
drip—from the vagina or penis.
You can still have the STD
and spread it even if
NO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR!
Bacterial STI’s
Syphilis – multi-staged STI
STAGE ONE is characterized by a small painless sore called a
sore
chancre
STAGE 2 – secondary syphilis – begins 2-8 weeks after the first stage.
Flu-like symptoms, sores in the mouth, non-itchy rash on hands and
feet
STAGE 3 – latent stage - symptoms disappear for years, but the
bacteria attacks the brain and the circulatory system. Damage that
occurs in this stage is permanent and can cause death
- enters the body through mucous membrane contact w/ sores during
sex by penis, vagina, anus, mouth or break in skin
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SYPHILIS – Continued
Long term Problems:
- paralysis
- convulsions
- blindness
- heart disease
-mental retardation
- unborn child can be born with damage to nervous
system or can die during birth.
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TERTIARY
SYPHILIS
(1st stage)
(2nd stage)
(1st stage)
(2nd stage)
You can still have
the STD and
spread it even if
NO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR!
Viral STI’s
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Virus – small organisms that are unable
to reproduce on their own – need a
host
There are NO cures for viral STI’s
They can lie dormant without any
symptoms for long periods of time
Symptoms can be relieved using
antiviral medication
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome
infections or
illnesses that
take advantage
of a weakened
immune system
Helper T cells ~ white blood cells that
activate the immune response when a
pathogen enters the body.
Healthy people carry about 500 – 1500
helper T cells in about 20 drops of blood
The HIV virus attaches itself to the helper
T cells forcing the T cells to make copies of
the HIV. This is called replication.
When a person’s white blood cell count
gets below 200 per milliliter of blood, they
are said to have AIDS.
Viral STI’s
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AIDS – most serious and deadly STI
Aids is the final stage of infection by a
virus known as the HIV virus - Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus is passed from one person to
another through contact with an infected
person’s bodily fluids – usually semen,
vaginal secretions, or blood.
Can be passed via infected needles.
Continued AIDS
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Symptoms – within 3-4 weeks of
exposure to HIV an infected person
experiences flu-like symptoms
They disappear and it may be years in
which the person feels fine and shows no
outward signs
Meanwhile, Helper T cells are being
destroyed, allowing for opportunistic
diseases to occur due to a weak immune
system.
Aids victims usually die from
1. Pneumocystis Carinii - rare from of pneumonia
2. Kaposi’s Sarcoma - cancerous tumors that spread
throughout the body
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However…Even though there is
no cure,
there are drugs can slow down the replication process allowing
people with HIV to live longer, healthier lives.
Viral STI’s
Genital Warts
Genital Warts – most common viral STI
 Caused by the human papilloma virus
-once a person is infected, the virus remains in
the body forever.
- 1 to 8 months after infections, warts appear in
clusters, usually in the genital area.
- Can cause cervical cancer in women and
throat cancer in men.
- Warts can be removed by a physical, but the
virus remains
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Viral STI’s
Genital Herpes
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Genital Herpes: clusters
of painful blisters that
appear on or around
the genitals
First outbreak is usually
the worst
New eruptions appear
to be related to stress
Genital Herpes
Most contagious whenever blisters
are present
– should refrain from sexual
intercourse during outbreak of
blisters or while they are healing
transmitted by:
-direct, intimate contact with
penis, vagina, anus, mouth, and
can be transferred to the eyes if
sore is touched
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You can still have the STD
and spread it even if
NO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR!
Viral STI’s
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Hepatitis B – an STI that attacks the liver
Spread through contact of infected, blood,
semen or saliva and transmitted by penis,
vagina, anus, mouth, skin breaks, blood
Virus can survive on objects for a LONG time
Symptoms – fever, fatigue, loss of appetite,
jaundice
Can cause serious liver damage
No cure, but there is an effective vaccine 15
Parasitic STI’s
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Parasite – an organism that lives on or in a
host organism and gets its food from its host.
Parasites can be killed with medication
Pubic lice – female lice attach eggs to the
pubic hair and skin - causes intense itching.
Symptoms – itching, rash, pinhead sized
blood spots on underwear.
Treatment consists of a special medicated
shampoo
- can be acquired from dirty bed linens,
clothing, sex
Pubic Lice
Parasitic STI’s
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Scabies – mites burrow into the skin
and lay eggs.
They cause red, swollen itchy bumps.
Enter into the skin by either sex or skin
contact
Symptoms – itching in the genital area
Treatment includes hot baths and
medicated creams
Scabies
Parasitic STI’s
Trichomonas: a parasite that causes vaginitis, which is
the term for inflammation of the vagina.
 Female symptoms – thick vaginal discharge – gray or
greenish in color, painful urination
 Male – none, or mild burning when urinating, or
temporary irritation inside the penis
 Can live for a few hours on dirty, damp towels,
washcloths, bathing suits.
 Treatment – medicine from a doctor, or OTC –
curable
You can still have the STD
and spread it even if
NO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR!
Where to get help
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Prevention of STI’s is everyone’s
responsibility
Physical Responsibility – STI’s can
cause major, life long damage to the
body
- embarrassment should not stop you
from seeking help
Where to get help
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Social Responsibility – you have a social
responsibility to tell all people that you
have had sexual contact with!
Abstain from all sexual activity until
treated
Do not donate blood, organs or semen
Where to get help
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Places to Turn:
Private Physician
Health Clinic
ONLY A HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL
CAN PRESCRIBE THE CORRECT
TREATMENT FOR STI’s!!!
You can still have the STD
and spread it even if
NO SYMPTOMS
APPEAR!