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The Planting of
English America
1500-1733
Chapter 2
Chapter Themes

After a late start, a proud,
nationalistic England joined
the colonial race and
successfully established five
colonies along the
southeastern seacoast of
North America. Although
varying somewhat in origins
and character, all these
colonies exhibited
plantation agriculture,
indentured and slave
labor, a tendency toward
strong economic and
social hierarchies, and a
pattern of widely
scattered, institutionally
weak settlement.

The early southern
colonies’ encounters
with Indians and
African slaves
established the
patterns of race
relations that would
shape the North
American experiencein particular, warfare
and reservations for the
Indian and lifelong
slave codes for
African-Americans.
1st Settlements in North
America
 The
Spanish founded a settlement in
Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1610.
 The French founded Quebec, Canada in
1608.
 The English founded Jamestown, Virginia
in 1607.
England and Imperialism
 Queen
Elizabeth
encouraged English
buccaneers, such
as Sir Francis Drake
and Sir Walter
Raleigh, to raid
Spanish ships and
settlements.
English Imperialism
 The
English fleet
defeated the Spanish
Armada in 1588.
 Spain’s empirical
dreams and fighting
spirit had been
weakened - helping to
ensure the English’s
naval dominance over
the North Atlantic.
Causes for English Colonization
 Laws
of primogeniture decreed that
only the eldest son were eligible to
inherit land estates
 Joint-stock companies were perfected
– investors could pool capital
 Population growth provided workers
 Depression and unemployment hit
England
 Thirst for adventure, new markets and
religious freedom
Jamestown
 1606
– The Virginia
Company of London, a
joint stock company,
received a charter
from King James I for a
settlement in the New
World
 The company landed
in Jamestown on May
24, 1607
Captain John Smith
 1608
– Captain
John Smith took
over the town,
implemented
military control and
enforced a “no
work no eat policy”
 Winter of 1609 –
1610, of the 400
settlers to arrive,
only 60 survived
Clash of Culture




Lord De La Warr reached
Jamestown in 1610 with supplies
and military.
Strained relations with the Native
Americans resulted in the First
Anglo-Powhatan War.
The Indians were again defeated
in the Second Anglo-Powhatan
War in 1644.
By 1685, the English considered
the Powhatan people to be
extinct.
Virginia : Child Of Tobacco



John Rolfe married Pocahontas
in 1614, ending the First AngloPowhatan War.
In 1619, self-government was
instituted in Virginia. The London
Company authorized the settlers
to summon an assembly known
as the House of Burgesses.
King James I made Virginia a
royal colony of England in 1624
Maryland : A Catholic Haven
 Maryland
was formed in
1634 by Lord Baltimore.
 Maryland was made for a
refuge for the Catholics to
escape the wrath of the
Protestant English
government.
 The Act of Toleration, which
was passed in 1649 by the
local representative group
in Maryland, granted
toleration to all Christians.
The West Indies
 By
the mid-17th
Century, England
had secured its
claim to several
West Indian Islands.
 Sugar was, by far,
the major crop on
the Indian Islands.
The West Indies
 To
support the massive sugar crops,
millions of African slaves were
imported.
 By 1700, the number of black slaves to
white settlers in the English West Indies
by nearly 4 to 1.
 In order to control the large number of
slaves, the Barbados Slave Code of
1661 denied even the most
fundamental rights to slaves.
The Carolinas
 Civil
War plagued England in the 1640s
(Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads)
 1707 – Savannah Indians ended their
relationship with the Carolinians and
moved to the new colony of Pennsylvania
 Almost all of the Indians were killed in raids
before they could depart - in 1710.
 Rice became the primary export of the
Carolinas.
Pennsylvania
 William
Penn received
a charter for a new
colony because of
debt owed to his
father (1681)
 Penn was a Quaker
 Pennsylvania was
founded on peace
and brotherhood
 Philadelphia – City of
Brotherly Love
Class Discussion Questions

What did England
and the English
settlers really want
from colonization?
National glory?
Wealth? Adventure?
A solution to social
tension? New
sources of goods
and trade? Did they
get what they
wanted?

Was the development
of African slavery in the
North American
colonies inevitable?
(Consider that it never
developed in some
other colonial areas,
for example, Mexico
and New France.) How
would the North
American colonies
have been different
without slavery?