Download SS7G8.c

Warm-Up
What do the Jewish people believe in?
SS7G8.c
Compare And Contrast The Three Main Religions
 Judaism
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Vocabulary
Monotheism – Belief
in one God.
 Descendents –
Family members
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About Judaism
1st Monotheistic
religion in the
world
 Over 4000 years
old

Started by Abraham
and his decedents.
 Worshiped a God
named Jehovah /
Yahweh
 Symbol is the Star of
David
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
Writings and
literature
Torah – Name of
religious writing. The
first 5 books of the
Bible.
 Synagogue/Temple –
Place of worship
 Rabbi – Religious
leaders
 Sabbath – Religious
observance day. All day
Saturday.
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What Jews Believe
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Believe in one God,
creator of the
universe
Religious book is
Torah
1st 5 books of the
bible
Moses primary
author
Includes 10
commandments

Torah
Religious book
 1st 5 books of the
bible
 Moses primary
author
 Includes 10
commandments
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Old Testament
Characters
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Adam and Eve –
Creation story
Noah – Destruction of
the earth
Abraham – Started
Worshiping God
Created the Nation of
Israel
Moses – Saved Israellites
from Egyptian slavery
David – Killed Goliath
first king of Israel
Exit Questions
1. What is monotheism?
 2. Who is responsible for starting the
Jewish religion?
 3. What is the Torah?
 4. When is the Sabbath?
 5. What are the 10 commandments?

Warm-Up

What is religion?

Quiet!!! I can still hear you!!! Put away
the paper you are going to throw!!! Don’t
make him another one!!! I will right you
up if you bother me again.

Hebrew / Jewish History
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12 tribes make up
Hebrew
Lived in Canaan modern
Israel
Forced into slavery by
Egyptians
Moses led them out of
slavery (called Exodus)
Went back to Israel
Called Jews after largest
tribe Judah

Judah and Modern
Israel
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David becomes king
Makes capital
Jerusalem
Later King Saul builds
the Temple
Both the Babylonian
and Romans take
over area
70 A.D. temple is
destroyed
As a people, Jews are…

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A nation in Diaspora
(dispersed)
15 – 16 million in
worldwide population
United by a common
heritage (an “ethnic”
religion), divided in
contemporary practice:
◦ Orthodox:
◦ Reformed (18th century
Germany)
◦ Conservative –
moderates, response to
reform
As a way of life, Judaism is based on…

613 commandments found
in Torah (“Written Law”)
◦ Dietary rules
◦ Dress and other symbols
◦ Prayer and devotion to the
one God
◦ The Temple and Temple
rites
◦ Observance of Holy days
◦ Proper social relations
between male and female,
in business, judicial rulings,
etc
How does Judaism sanctify time?
The Jewish Holidays:

High Holidays:
◦ Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New
Year)
◦ Yom Kippur (Day of
Atonement)

Chanukah, the “Festival of
Lights”

Pesach (“Passover”) –
commemorates the
exodus from Egypt
(events told in Exodus)

Judaism & Christianity  Judaism predates
Christianity – it is the
foundation of Christianity
but is not a part of it
 Jesus and Apostles were
Jewish
 Jew believe Jesus was a
prophet but not Messiah
 Jews are not concerned
about salvation and the
“world to come”
Exit Question
1. What is the Diaspora?
 2. Name one Jewish holiday.
 3. What do the Jewish people think about
Jesus?
 4. What is the symbol of Judaism?
 5. What does “Chanukah” stand for?
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What do Christians believe?
Christianity
SS7G8.C
Compare and Contrast The three Main Religions

Enter Jesus
Christianity followers of
Jesus
 began in Judea / Israel
 Leader Jesus
 Born a Jew at about
4 B.C.
 Parents, Mary & Joseph,
 Lived in Nazareth.
 Christians call Mary the
Virgin Mary.
 Christians believe Jesus
is the “Son of God”
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Many believe Jesus’ birth
fulfilled a prophecy that a
virgin would give birth to
the Messiah
Jesus began his ministry
in Galilee, north of Judea,
when he was in his early
30’s.
The Gospels contain
stories about his birth in
the city of Bethlehem.
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Life of Jesus
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Jesus attracted disciples /
followers
preached, performed
miracles, & criticizing the
Jewish authorities.
Jesus preached about the
coming of the Kingdom
of God, meaning an
eternally just and
peaceful state of affairs.
Kingdom of God =
heaven
Believed to be the “Son
of God”
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Easter Story
The Romans, who
governed Judea,
executed Jesus about
A.D. 30 by
crucifixion.
 Later, his followers
found his tomb
empty and believed
Jesus had risen from
the dead.
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Followers of Christ  Jesus’ disciples spread
his teachings
throughout the Roman
Empire
 organized churches.
 New religion open to
all and not just Jews
Exit Questions
1. What do Christians believe Jesus is?
 2. What religion was Jesus?
 3. How old was Jesus when he started his
ministry?
 4. How did Jesus die?
 4. What happened to Jesus after his death
that made people believe he was the
Messiah?
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Warm-Up
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What event ended the life of Jesus?
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Early Christians /
Martyrs
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The first Christians believed
that Jesus would return soon,
They refused to honor
Roman gods, which the
Romans believed could anger
the gods and thus endanger
the empire.
Some Roman
emperors had early
Christians arrested,
imprisoned, and even
killed.
 Some Christians
welcomed the
chance to become
martyrs (individuals
who suffered or died
for their faith).
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Spread of Christianity
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During the first century
A.D., Christianity spread
rapidly throughout the
Mediterranean region.
important Christian
cities, include
◦ Alexandria, Egypt;
◦ Antioch, in present-day
Turkey;
◦ Jerusalem, in present-day
Israel;
◦ Rome.
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End of Persecution
313 Edict of Milan
 Ends persecution of
Christians
 Religious tolerance
throughout the
empire
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Writings of
Christianity
Most early Christians
accepted the books
of the Jewish Bible as
inspired by God and
made them part of
the Christian Bible.
 They also added
their own writings to
the canon—that is,
the official list of
books of the Bible.
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Facts about Christianity
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Followers of Christianity
are called Christians
approximately 2 billion
Christians worldwide
Most Christians can be
found in
◦ Europe,
◦ North and South America
◦ Africa
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holy book is called The
Bible
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The religious laws of
Christians are called “Cannon
Law”
The people who teach
Christian beliefs are
◦
◦
◦
◦
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Priests,
Ministers,
Pastors,
Bishops
The religious buildings of
Christians are referred to as
◦ Church,
◦ Chapel
◦ Cathedral
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The holy Day (Sabbath) for
most Christians is Sunday
Exit Questions
1. What region did early Christianity
spread through?
 2. What religion is the base of
Christianity?
 3. What areas are Christian in the world?
 4. What is the holy book of Christianity
called?
 5. What are the laws of Christianity
called?
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Warm-Up
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What does it mean to be Muslim?
Origins of Islam
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Story of Prophet
Mohammed
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He was born to Arab parents
from the tribe of Quraish, in
Mecca.
The Quraish worshiped 360
gods. They believed these
gods will get them closer to
the God of gods (Allah).
His parents died very early.
He never worshiped Idols,
drank Alcohol or lied.
He worked as a shepherd and
then as a trader.
Known to people in Mecca as
“the Honest”.
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Story of Prophet
Mohammed
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Arab tribes had multiple
wars with the prophet
and Muslims.
Finally, victory was for
Islam and Mecca fell into
the hands of the
prophet.
He forgave all his
enemies and soon, his
followers became in
hundreds of thousands.
He died at the age of 63.
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Spread of Islam
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Following Mohammad’s
death a series of Caliphs
(religious political rulers)
came to power
Muslim tribal armies
spread out of Arabia to
destroy and convert
conquering Egypt, Syria,
Mesopotamia, and Iran
and establishing an
Islamic empire.
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Spread of Islam
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From 661–750 the Islamic
Empire pushed the
boundaries of Muslim
conquest as far west as Spain
and east to the borders of
India.
Islamic capital moved to
Baghdad
Islamic thought, the arts, and
literature were at their
apogee.
the Mongols sacked the city
of Baghdad in 1258
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Allah
 Monotheistic
 Allah
is Arabic
for God
 Used by
Muslims
 Allah – the one
God
Exit Questions
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1. Who is the
founder of Islam?
2. Where was he
born?
3. What did he do
when he captured
Mecca?
4. What is a Caliph?
5. What does Allah
mean in Arabic?
Quran(Koran): The Holy Book
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Koran
Holy Book
 Original intact as
given by the Prophet
in Arabic
 114 Chapters
 Teaches what a
Muslim must do
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5 Pillars of Islam
 Profession
of
Faith (Shahadah)
 Prayers (Salah)
 Charity (Zakat)
 Fasting ( Sawm)
 Pilgrimage (Hajj)
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Profession of Faith
(Shahadah)
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The Shahadah is the basic
creed or tenet of Islam:
"I testify that there is no god
but Allah, and I testify that
Muhammad is the messenger
of Allah".
This is the most important
pillar
Ideally, it is the first words a
newborn will hear, and
children are taught as soon as
they are able to understand it
and it will be recited when
they die.
Muslims must repeat the
shahadah in prayer
Prayers (Salah)
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Prayers (Salah)
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Five Daily Prayers from
Dawn to Late Evening
regulate a Muslim’s day
Face Kabah, prayers in
Arabic as taught by the
Prophet.
Additional Prayers
optional
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Charity (Zakat)
Required 2.5%
charity on yearly
savings
 A Muslim must be a
charitable person
 Removing a stone
from the road is
charity
 Greeting with a smile
is a charity
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Exit Questions

Fasting (Sawm)
Ramadan is 9th month in
Islamic Lunar calendar
 Daily dawn to sunset fast
for 29/30 days (no food
or drink)
 Done to show sacrifice
Mohammad made when
he received his
revelations
 Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the
end
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Pilgrimage (Hajj)
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About 2-3 million
Muslims perform Hajj
each year from all over
the world.
Every Muslim at least
once in their life must
make a pilgrimage to
Mecca
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Forbidden Food
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Meat of animals found
dead
• blood
• the flesh of swine
(pigs)
• Alcoholic beverages
(such as beer and
wine) and intoxicants
(illegal drugs)
Forbidden in Islam
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Shirk: worshiping
anybody/anything other than
God.
Treating parents badly: not
obeying there orders, speaking to
them in loud voice even if they
have a different faith. (Same as
with your teachers)
murder, suicide.
Stealing.
Adultery, homosexuality.
Usury: Mortgage, credit card with
interest, bank interest.
Gambling.
Treating neighbors badly even if
they have a different faith.
Backbiting.
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Behavioral aspects
 Muslims should:
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Love Allah, his
messengers and the
believers.
Be honest.
Be generous.
Visit the ill.
Help the weak.
Smile to others.
Be clean.
Remove dirt from the
road.
Dress conservatively.
Exit Questions
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World Muslims
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1.2 billion, Muslims
represent between
19.2% and 22% of the
world's population.
One of every five
persons in the world is a
Muslim
Second largest religion in
the world
World Distribution of Muslims
Africa
308,660,000
27.4%
Asia
778,362,000
69.1%
Europe
32,032,000
2.8%
Latin America
1,356,000
0.1%
North America
5,530,000
0.5%
World
1,126,325,000 100%
Source: Britannica Yearbook

American Muslims
6
million
 About 40%
Afro-American
 Not all Muslims
are Arabs, Not
all Arabs are
Muslims
 American
Muslims
5.8 million
Muslims in the
USA
 About 40% African
Americans.
 Not all Muslims
are Arabs, Not all
Arabs are
Muslims.
