Download The Crusades

The Crusades
1095-1291
Causes
1. Muslim Seljuk Turks expand into Palestine
• No more safe pilgrimage to Jerusalem
• Western Europe/Catholic Christians feel threatened
2. Byzantine Emperor Asks for Help
• Needs money & troops to protect Constantinople from Seljuk Turks
Causes
3. Pope Urban II’s Speech
• Spiritual war/”pilgrimage of arms” to recapture the holy city
• Ticket to Heaven
• “It is the will of God!”
“Jerusalem is the navel of the world…now held
captive…looks and hopes for freedom…it begs
unceasingly that you will come to its aid.”
–Pope Urban II
Pope Urban gives his speech at the
Council of Clermont in 1095.
Causes of the Crusades History Channel Clip
Timeline of Crusades
First Crusade (1096-1099)
• Christians recapture Jerusalem in a bloody
fight, killing Muslims, Jews & Christians
•Setup 4 small kingdoms and rulers created
lord/vassal system
First Crusade (History Channel video clip)
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
• Muslims had captured country of Edessa,
but Crusaders fail to re-takeTOTAL
FAILURE
Timeline of Crusades
Third Crusade (1189-1192)
• Saladin becomes ruler of Egypt and unites MuslimsCaptures
Jerusalem in 1189
• Saladin vs. Richard the Lion-Hearted (England)
• Ends in truce between Saladin & RichardMuslims control Jerusalem
but allow Christian pilgrims
Saladin vs. Richard (History Channel video clip)
Fourth Crusade (1201-1204)
• Crusaders attacked Constantinople, destroying it completely
• Weakened the Byzantine Empire, which would collapse in 1453
Later Crusades
Jerusalem traded hands between the
Crusaders & the Muslims.
Ultimately, the Crusaders failed in their
attempt to secure Jerusalem.
Why did they fail?
• Crusaders had to travel far distances
• Crusaders weren’t prepared for the climate
• Crusaders were outnumbered and lacked
leadership & organization that Muslims had
• Christian leaders fought amongst
themselves
Effects of the Crusades
• Weakens Feudalism:
– Nobles left to fight in the CrusadesKings
regained power
– Serfs left to fight & never returned to the manor
• Strengthens trade between Europe
– Crusaders brought back new goods & ideas
– Europeans want goods from Asia
Effects of the Crusades
• Weakened Byzantine Empire
• Weakens relationship between Byzantine
Orthodox & Western European Catholics
• Weakens relationship between Jews &
Christians
• Worsened relationship between Christians &
Muslimsconflict still exist in ME today
Horrible Histories Crusaders Report
Horrible Histories: Arabian Healer vs. Crusader Doctor