Download UNIT 2: FACTORS THAT LED TO EXPANSION

UNIT 2: FACTORS THAT LED
TO EXPANSION
LESSON 2.2: JAMESTOWN, PLYMOUTH, AND
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONIES
Focus
 What factors led Europeans to begin exploring in the
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1400’s?
How did Christopher Columbus contribute to the
Age of Exploration?
Summarize how the Spanish were able to defeat the
Aztecs.
What was the intended purpose of the Encomienda
system? What was the outcome of using such a
system?
For what reasons did the English begin to be
interested in the America’s?
Activating
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o69TvQqyGdg
 List 3 things that you didn’t already know
Frayer model / Colony
Definition of Colony
 a country or area under the full or partial political
control of another country, typically a distant one,
and occupied by settlers from that country.
Jamestown
Jamestown paves the way
 The founding of
Jamestown, America’s
first permanent English
colony, in Virginia in
1607 – 13 years before
the Pilgrims landed at
Plymouth in
Massachusetts – sparked
a series of cultural
encounters that helped
shape the nation and the
world.
Jamestown-Early Troubles
 Serious problems soon
emerged in the small English
outpost, which was located in
the midst of a chiefdom of
about 14,000 Algonquianspeaking Indians ruled by the
powerful leader
Powhatan. Relations with the
Powhatan Indians were
tenuous. An unfamiliar
climate, as well as brackish
water supply and lack of food,
led to disease and
death. Many of the original
colonists were upper-class
Englishmen, and refused to
work!
Jamestown-Captain Smith to the Rescue
 Captain John Smith became
the colony’s leader in
September 1608 and
established a “no work, no
food” policy. Smith’s
departure in 1609 was
followed by the “starving
time,” a period of warfare
between the colonists and
Indians and the deaths of
many from starvation and
disease. Just when the
colonists decided to abandon
Jamestown in Spring 1610,
settlers with supplies arrived
from England, eager to find
wealth in Virginia.
Jamestown-Tobacco Saves the Day
 Until the introduction of
tobacco as a cash crop
about 1613 by colonist John
Rolfe, who later married
Powhatan’s daughter
Pocahontas, none of the
colonists’ efforts to
establish profitable
enterprises were
successful. Tobacco
cultivation required large
amounts of land and labor
and stimulated the rapid
growth of the Virginia
colony.
Jamestown-The Origins of Slavery in the
Americas
 The first documented
Africans in Virginia
arrived in 1619. While
these first Africans may
have been treated as
indentured servants, the
customary practice of
owning Africans as slaves
for life appeared by midcentury.
Jamestown- The Seeds of Democracy
 The first representative
government in British
America began at
Jamestown in 1619 with
the convening of a
general assembly, at the
request of settlers who
wanted input in the laws
governing them.
 ATSU- Scene from
“Rebels”
AP 1 Word Splash: Jamestown
Pilgrims and a Puritans : Venn Diagram
 Puritans wanted to
“purify” the Anglican
Church.
 Pilgrims, believing the
Anglican Church had
become too corrupt,
wanted to leave the
church completely.
KWL: Pilgrims
Plymouth Colony
 On Septmeber 16, 1620,
102 Pilgrims set sail on
the Mayflower for
Virginia. As soon as they
arrived at Plymouth, they
began to build their
modest homes. Soon,
however, a plague swept
through the colony,
sparing only 50.
Pilgrims and Thanksgiving
 Even the surviving
Pilgrims may have
perished if it weren’t for
the Wampanoag, who
taught the Pilgrims how
to grow food in the sandy
soil. The following
Autumn, the Pilgrims
joined the Wampanoag
in a three day festival to
celebrate the harvest and
give thanks to God.
AP 2: KWL
 Scene from America the
Story of US.
 In regard to
Thanksgiving, what new
information was
presented in this scene?
 Complete KWL
Massachusetts Bay Colony “The City Upon a Hill”
 Beginning in 1630, John
Winthrop guided the
arrival of nearly 1000
colonists to the New
World. The initial parties
established a permanent
settlement on the
Peninsula of
Massachusetts Bay
Puritans- No Footloose
 The Puritans of Massachusetts
Bay were Calvinists, but with
their own points of emphasis.
They held the traditional belief
that all mankind merited eternal
damnation, but a merciful God
had graciously granted salvation
to a few, the Elect. However, they
believed that salvation came at a
price — God’s chosen people
were bound by a contract to see
to the enforcement of God’s laws
in society. For Example;
gambling, blasphemy, adultery,
dancing and drunkenness were
all illegal and punished severely.
Puritans- Giving meaning to the term “NOSEY”
 Good behavior would not
win salvation for the
Massachusetts Puritans,
but it would help them in
their current lives to
avoid wars, famines, and
other forms of divine
wrath. This concern
about proper behavior
resulted in an abiding
interest in the activities
of one's neighbors
Puritans- A Problem of Proof
 Religious orthodoxy was
challenged from time to
time by various members
of the community. Most
notably Roger Williams
and Anne Hutchinson.
 As time passed, church
membership declined as
fewer people were able to
offer proof of a conversion
experience, which would
convince themselves and
others of their inclusion
among the elect.
Puritan Intolerance
 Puritans efforts to
suppress other religious
beliefs inevitably sparked
conflict. Eventually,
Puritan intolerance led to
the founding of other
colonies in New England
AP 3: 5 Amazing Facts
Assignment: Whip, Pillory, and Gallows
Discuss the following questions in your groups:
1) What differences can you point out between crimes
and criminal punishments in Puritan
Massachusetts and those in the USA today?
2) What is your opinion about public shaming as a
form of punishment today?
3) There are 2 types of “cruel and unusual”
punishments. One type concerns the cruelty of the
crime, the other with the cruelty of an excessive
sentence. Give an example of each type from the
article.
Activity
 Below is a list of punishment methods used by the Puritans. Decide
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which of the punishments ought to be considered cruel and unusual
today, and therefore should be prohibited by the 8th Amendment of
the Bill of Rights.
Fines
Pillory
Whipping
Wearing a letter
Cutting off ears
Prison
Piercing of tongue with hot iron
Ducking stool
Banishment
Stocks
Hanging
Public shaming
Learning Log
 Today I Learned…………..
 What was the primary motive of Jamestown
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colonists?
In what ways did Jamestown influence the culture of
America?
Summarize the main difference between the Puritans
and the Pilgrims.
What did Winthrop mean when he spoke of a “City
on a Hill”.
Why did the Puritan church eventually decline?