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Imperialism Review
Chapter 24
What impact did King Leopold II have on the
Congo region of Africa?
• The people in the Belgian Free State were exploited
and forced into hard labor as Leopold exploited the
land and stole its resources.
which two countries dominated colonial
holdings in Africa
• Britain and France
What were some humanitarian goals
of Europeans in Africa
• Humanitarian goals include:
– Spread Christianity
– Educate natives
– Infrastructure
– Medicine
– Social Justice / revise legal systems
How did European interaction with Africa
changed under new imperialism
• Africa and its people were exploited by
Europeans for natural resources (Gold, Silver,
Ivory, Diamonds, Rubber) and forced to accept
Western culture and ideas.
The idea that Westerns had a duty to bring
their civilization to inferior races is an
example of:
• Social Darwinism
According to the government, what
was apartheid supposed to do?
• Allow each race to develop without the
influence of others.
Who was Nelson Mandela
• Nelson Mandela was elected South Africa’s
first freely elected black president. He became
a symbol for freedom and equality after being
imprisoned for almost 30 years for crimes
against the government under Apartheid.
The ethnic conflict in Rwanda was
between
• The Hutus and the Tutsis
The Industrial Revolution contributed
to imperialism because:
• European countries needed new markets to
sell their finished products. Additionally, they
sought access to cheap natural resources /
raw materials to use in the manufacturing
process.
List 3 motives for Imperialism
1. Access to Natural Resources
2. Social Darwinism
3. Expanded Markets
4. Nationalism
5. Business Opportunities
6. Outlet for Europe’s Population
7. Spread of Christianity
8. Spread of Western Civilization
9. Fueling Bases
Define Imperialism
• The social, economic and political domination
of one country over another
Define protectorate
• Local rulers remain in power but must take
“advice” from a European nation
What was the Berlin Conference?
• A meeting of European powers to establish
rules for claiming land in Africa in order to
avoid war.
• No Africans were invited to participate.
Define sphere of influence
• When a country has exclusive trading rights within a
foreign nation
Define colony
• Taking direct control of foreign territory and
incorporating into the empire.
Why were Europeans able to conquer
Nonwestern regions of the world?
1. Powerful Armies and Navies
2. Advanced Medical Knowledge
3. Growing strength of Europe/ Decline of Older
Civilizations
4. Superior Technology
5. Strong Economies
6. Well Organized Governments
Why did Britain want control of the
Suez Canal?
• The Suez Canal acted as an important
waterway for trade by creating a “short-cut”
between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red
Sea
Where is the Suez Canal
• Egypt
Foreign interest in Persia increased
after the discovery of?
• Oil
Why did Europeans want to control
the Middle East before WWI?
• It allowed them to control trade routes to
India
What internal force was important in weakening
the Ottoman Empire thus allowing Europeans to
grab land?
• Nationalism
What type of government did the
British set up in India?
• A colonial viceroy known as the “British Raj”
What event led to the establishment
of the British Raj?
• The Sepoy Rebellion
Why did the Sepoys rebel?
• The British East India company made several
unpopular moves including requiring Sepoys
to serve worldwide and changing the type of
cartridge used in guns.
– This new cartridge required the user to bite off
the tip which was greased in cow and pig fat, both
animals with great religious significance to
Muslims and Hindus (the majority of Sepoys).
How did most British view Indians and
their culture?
• Most British did not understand Indian culture
so they dismissed it as inferior.
What was a Sepoy
• An Indian soldier serving under British orders.
What product did the British begin selling to the
Chinese to increase their balance of trade.
• Opium
How did the Chinese felt about
Western powers?
• The Chinese hated foreigners and wanted
them out of the country
The overall goal of the Boxer Rebellion was
• To drive out foreigners from the country.
Define indemnity
• Payment for losses in war
• The Chinese were forced to pay this as a result
of their loss in the Opium War.
Define extraterritoriality
• Right to live under your home country’s laws,
not the host country’s laws
• The British claimed this right after defeating
the Chinese in the Opium War.
Why did China enjoy a trade surplus when
it first began trading with Europe?
• China would only accept payment in the form
of gold and silver because they believe
European goods to be inferior.
What was the Opium War
• A war between Britain and China that began
when the British refused to stop selling opium
to the Chinese.
• During the Age of Imperialism, Western
powers carved China into _____ ___ _______,
giving them exclusive economic control over
different parts of China.
• During the Age of Imperialism, Western
powers carved China into Spheres of
Influence, giving them exclusive economic
control over different parts of China.