Download Cranial Nerve Chart

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I
II
III
Innervation
Skull entrance/exit
Origin
Neuropathy
Olfactory
Nerve
S - Smell
Cribiform Plate
 Temporal lobe
↓smell, ↓taste (2°)
Oculomotor
Optic
S - Sight
Optic Canal w/ ophthalmic a.
Only CN from CNS (MS affected)
Pituitary tumor  visual dysfxn
Superior Orbital Fissure
w/ ophthalmic v.
(common tendinous ring CTR
Superior Orbital Fissure
Midbrain (interpeduncular
fossa)
Trochlear
M – Eye (x Sup Oblique, Lateral Rectus),
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
PNS – Ciliary Body & Constrictor Pupillae
M – Superior Oblique [dessicates]
“down-&-out” syndrome
Mydriasis, Ptosis, diplopia, lost
accommodation/light reflexes
Vertical diplopia-head tilt away
IV
V
Trigeminal
B–
Ophthalmic
S – forehead/nose, eye,↑eyelid, frontal sinus
Superior Orbital Fissure (CTR)
Pons
↓corneal reflex
Herpes zoste (V1>V2>V3)
Most affected by herpes zoster
S – cheek, ↑teeth, ↓eyelid, maxillary sinus
Foramen Rotundum
Pons
Tic douloureux
S – Lower face, ↓teeth, anterior 2/3 tongue
[lingual], temple, TMJ, lingual gingiva
M – Mastication, Tensor Tympani, Tensor Veli
Palatini, Mylohyoid, Anterior Digastric Belly
M – Lateral Rectus
Foramen Ovale
(w/ accessory meningeal a. &
lesser petrosal n.)
Pons
Tic douloureux
Abnormal chewing,
Superior Orbital Fissure
(CTR)
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Stylomastoid Foramen
Ventral Brainstem (b/t Pons &
Medulla) thru cavernous sinus
Ventral Brainstem (b/t Pons &
Medulla)
[Lateral to VI]
Cavernous sinus syndrome 
medial eye deviation, diplopia
Unilateral facial paralysis
Lower motor nerve palsy
Cold (idiopathic)  Bell’s Palsy
Petrous Ridge of Temporal Bone
Ventral Brainstem (b/t Pons &
Medulla)
Lateral Medulla (Inferior to VIII)
Sup/Inf brainstem ganglia
Hearing/balance loss
Vertigo
V1
V2
V3
Mandibular (B)
VI
Abducens
VII
Facial (B)
Maxillary
S – Taste anterior 2/3 tongue [Chorda
Tympani], soft palate
M – Facial expression mm, Platysma, Posterior
Digastric Belly, Stapedius, Stylohyoid
PNS - submandibular/sublingual/lacrimal glands
Intermediate nerve (VII br)
VIII
Vestibulocochlear
IX
Glossopharyngeal
(B)
X
Vagus (B)
XI
Accessory
XII
Hypoglossal
S – soft palate
S – Balance (vestibular)
S – Sound (cochlear)
Dorsal Brainstem (ONLY CN)
Supero-Lateral Pons
(anatomical note: runs thru
parotid gland)
Internal Acoustic Meatus
S – Taste/sense posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsil,
pharynx, middle ear & carotid sinus
M – stylopharyngeus PNS - parotid gland
M - soft palate (x tensor veli palatini)
larynx/pharynx (x stylopharyngeus),
palatoglossal
PNS – abd/thor viscera up to 2/3 Tverse colon
M – Trapezius & SCM (Cranial)
M – Laryngeal & Pharyngeal mm. (Spinal)
Jugular Foramen
Jugular Foramen
Lateral Medulla (Inferior to IX)
↓taste, ↓salivation, syncope
Carotid body (massage)
T&A  damage
Dysphagia, hoarseness, stridor
Foramen Magnum &
Jugular Foramen (exits)
Spinal rootlets enter via
magnum, joining medullary
roots to form IX
Medulla (b/t pyramids & olive)
Paralysis of SCM & Trapezius
(drop shoulder,
torticollis/”wryneck”)
Tongue deviates towards lesion
M – Tongue mm. (intrinsic & extrinsic)
(x palatoglossal)
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Spinosum – middle meningeal artery/vein & nervus spinosus
Foramen lacerum – membrane covers Int. carotid a.