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A
I^ATIN AMERICA AND THE
UNITED STATES
A Documentary History
•:•
Robert H. Holden
OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY
Eric Zolov
FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLLEGE
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2000
Contents
Preface
xiii
I. TRANSITIONS OF EMPIRE
No. 1
1811
No Transfer Doctrine
No. 2
2823
Cuba: "An Apple Severed by the Tempest From Its
Native Tree." John Quincy Adams
No. 3
1823
The Monroe Doctrine
No. 4
1824
The Congress of Panama
No. 5
1829
The United States: "Destined to Plague America with
Torments" Simon Bolivar
No. 6
1845
U.S. Participation in the Brazilian Slave Trade
Henry A. Wise
No. 7
1845
Texas, Mexico and Manifest Destiny
No. 8
1846
President Polk's War Message to Congress
James K. Polk
No. 9
2846
Bidlack Treaty The Governments of New Granada and
the United States
26
1847 The United States: "An Inconceivable Extravaganza"
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
28
No. 10
The Congress of the United States
James Monroe
7
11
Simon Bolivar
15
17
19
James K. Polk
22
24
No. 11 1848
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
of Mexico and the United States
No. 12
2850
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty The Governments of the
United States and Great Britain
No. 13
2854
The Ostend Manifesto
and Pierre Soule
The Governments
No. 14
2860
Filibuster
No. 15
2866
Mexico Seeks Support Against a Foreign Aggressor
Matias Romero
James Buchanan, J. Y. Mason
William Walker
5
31
34
36
39
42
Contents
No. 16 2872
Santo Domingo Seeks Annexation by the United States
45
Hamilton Fish
No. 17 2888 A U.S. Official Interprets Latin America
47
William Eleroy Curtis
No. 18 2889
The First Inter-American Conference James G. Blaine
50
II. THE COLOSSUS OF THE NORTH
No. 19 2890
The Lessons of History Alfred Thayer Mahan
No. 20 2892
The Baltimore Affair
No. 21 2894
The Character of the United States Jose Marti
Benjamin Harrison
55
59
No. 22 2895 The Olney Memorandum Richard Olney
61
64
No. 23 2896
The Calvo Clause Carlos Calvo
68
No. 24 2898
No. 25 2898
The Decision to Act Against Spain William McKinley
The Teller Amendment The Congress of the
72
70
United States
No. 26 2898
Anti-Imperialism in the United States
74
Andrew Carnegie
No. 27
2898
The Treaty of Paris
States and Spain
No. 28
2900
"Ariel" Jose Enrique Rodo
No. 29
2902
The Platt Amendment
No. 30 2902
The Governments of the United
76
78
The Congress of the United States
The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty The Governments of
83
the United States and Great Britain
No. 31 2902
Vanity and Ambition on the Rio Grande
84
Jose Maria Roa Bdrcena
No. 32 2902
The Drago Doctrine Luis M. Drago
88
No. 33 2903
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty The Governments of
90
the United States and Panama
No. 34 2903
"I Took Final Action in 1903" Theodore Roosevelt
No. 35 2904
"To Roosevelt" Ruben Dario
95
No. 36 2904
Banana Republics O. Henry
97
No. 37 2904
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Theodore Roosevelt
VI
92
200
81
Contents
No. 38
1904-05
The Dominican Republic Challenge
203
Theodore Roosevelt
No. 39
2922
Managing Nicaragua
Adolfo Diaz and Philander C.Knox
No. 40
2923
The Pact of the Embassy
Henry Lane Wilson
107
No. 41 2923
No. 42 2924
The Mobile Speech Woodrow Wilson
110
The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty The Governments of
the United States and Nicaragua
No. 43
2926
The State Department and Public Opinion
Robert Lansing
No. 44
2926
Dollar Diplomacy and Social Darwinism
F. M. Huntington Wilson
No. 45
2927
The Zimmermann Telegram
No. 46
2927
The Jones Act
No. 47
2922
An Argentine Denunciation of Imperialism
Jose Ingenieros
No. 48
2923
The Bucareli Accords
and the United States
No. 49
2926
A Latin American Doctrine of Anti-Imperialism
Victor Haya de la Torre
No. 50
2928
A Defense of Intervention
225
227
Alfred Zimmermann
119
222
223
The Governments of Mexico
With Sandino in Nicaragua
No. 52
The Clark Memorandum
2928
113
The Congress of the United States
No. 51 2928
Charles E. Hughes
Carleton Beals
/. Reuben Clark
104
125
228
130
132
135
III. BURYING THE BIG STICK
No. 53 2933
The Good Neighbor Policy
No. 54
2933
Mission to Havana
No. 55
2933
The United States Accepts the Non-intervention
Principle The Delegates to the Seventh International
Conference of American States
No. 56
2936
Hemispheric Security and Non-intervention
249
The Delegates to the Inter-American Conference for
the Maintenance of Peace
No. 57 2938
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Sumner Welles
143
Just Compensation for the Good Neighbor
Cordell Hull
vti
250
246
141
Contents
No. 58
2938
Populist Diplomacy in Mexico
Josephus Daniels
153
No. 59
2938
A Skeptic Views the Good Neighbor Policy
Carleton Beals
No. 60
2940
Marketing Pan Americanism The U.S. Office of the
Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
No. 61
2942
Confronting the Fascist Threat The Delegates to the
162
Third Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American
Republics
No. 62
2942
The Bracero Program
and the United States
No. 63
2943
A Historian Defends U.S. Policy
No. 64
2944
"Rum and Coca-Cola"
No. 65
2945
The Act of Chapultepec The Delegates to the InterAmerican Conference on Problems of War and Peace
No. 66
2946
The Blue Book on Argentina (Braden Report)
Spruille Braden and the U.S. State Department
No. 67
2946
Chilean Labor and U.S. Capital
U.S. Department of State
256
The Governments of Mexico
159
165
Samuel Flagg Bemis
Lionel Belasco and others
168
170
173
276
279
IV. THE COLD WAR
No. 68
2947 and 1954 A Charter for Covert Action? The Congress
of the United States and the Doolittle Committee
185
No. 69
2947
The Rio Treaty The Governments of the United States
and Latin America
No. 70
2948
The Charter of the Organization of American States
290
The Delegates to the Ninth International Conference of American
States
187
No. 7U 1948
The Menace of Communism The Delegates to the
Ninth International Conference of American States
193
No. 72
2950
A Realist Views Latin America
195
No. 73
2950
A New Economic Model for Latin America
Raul Prebisch
No. 74
2954
Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala—
A View from Washington John C. Dreier
xnn
George F. Kennan
298
202
Contents
No. 75
2954
Terminating a Revolution in Guatemala—
203
A View from Guatemala Luis Cardoza y Aragon
No. 76
2955
On the Road to Mexico
No. 77
2956
Taming a Revolution in Bolivia
No. 78
2957
With Castro in the Sierra Maestra
Herbert L. Matthews
No. 79
2958
Operation Pan America
No. 80
2960
The Act of Bogota
JackKerouac
206
George Jackson Eder
222
Juscelino Kubitschek
The Committee of 21
214
216
No. 81 2960
Debating Cuba and Castro
John F. Kennedy
Richard M. Nixon and
No. 82
2960
Listen, Yankee
No. 83
2962
The Alliance for Progress
No. 84
2962
Lessons of the Bay of Pigs
No. 85
2962
The Charter of Punta del Este The Delegates to the
Special Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and
Social Council
No. 86
2962
The Shark and the Sardines
No. 87
2962
The Hickenlooper Amendment
the United States
No. 88
2962
The Principles of Economic Development—
According to Washington Thomas C. Mann
No. 89
2963
The Wine is Bitter
No. 90
2963
The Foco Theory
C. Wright Mills
208
220
223
John F. Kennedy
226
John F. Kennedy
229
Juan Jose Arevalo
235
The Congress of
Milton Eisenhower
232
238
239
242
Ernesto "Che" Guevara
244
No. 91 2965
Intervention in the Dominican Republic
/. William Fulbright
247
No. 92
2966
Two, Three, Many Vietnams
No. 93
2967
The Tlatelolco Treaty The Governments of Latin America
No. 94
2967
The Lost Alliance
No. 95
2967
Transferring the Tools of Counterinsurgency
Albert H. Smith Jr.
No. 96
2967
Songs of Protest from Latin America
The First Protest Song Conference
No. 97
2968
Massacre in Mexico
Ernesto "Che" Guevara
Eduardo Frei Montalva
255
260
U.S. Department of State
IX
258
262
250
252
Contents
No. 98
2969
The Rockefeller Report
Nelson A. Rockefeller
No. 99
2969
The Principles of Economic Development—
According to the Dependentistas
Fernando H. Cardoso and Enzo Faletto
No. 100
2969
Playa Giron
No. 101
2972
The Culture of Imperialism
Armand Mattelart
No. 102
2975
The Church Committee Report on CIA Covert Action
276
U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations
No. 103
2975 and 1978 Human Rights and Foreign Aid
The Congress of the United States
No. 104
2976
Soft Spots in the "Brazilian Model"
No. 105
2977
The Panama Canal Treaties
United States and Panama
No. 106
2979
Saving the New World from Communism
The Committee of Santa Fe
No. 107
2984
Central America in Revolt: A Reagan Administration
292
View The National Bipartisan Commission on Central America
No. 108
2984
The Fear of Communism in Central America
Ronald Reagan
No. 109
2984
Teaching Sabotage
No. 110
2986
The United States Condemned
of Justice
No. I l l
2986
The Pentagon Prepares for Prolonged War
Department of Defense
No. 112
2986
Solidarity
No. 113
2987
The Esquipulas II Accords The Governments of Costa
Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
No. 114
2987
A School of the Americas "Study Manual"
The U.S. Department of Defense
No. 115
2988
"We Say N o "
Silvio Rodriguez
264
267
270
Ariel Dorfman and
272
280
G. A. Costanzo
282
The Governments of the
286
289
294
The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
Audrey Seniors
The International Court
The U.S.
2990
297
300
303
307
Eduardo Galeano
323
316
V. AFTER THE COLD WAR:
CONFLICT IN THE SEARCH FOR COMMON GROUND
No. 116
,
The United States Invades Panama: "We Never
Heard The Truth" Ramsey Clark
322
310
Contents
No. 117
2992
The Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development The Delegates to the U.N.
Conference on Environment and Development
No. 118
2994
The North American Free Trade Agreement The
Governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico
No. 119
2994
Insurgency After the Cold War
National Liberation
No. 120
2994
Proposition 187
No. 121
2994
The Summit of the Americas
Thirty-Four American Nations
No. 122
2995
Drugs and Democracy in Bolivia
Human Rights Watch
No. 123
2996
Sweat-Shop Labor The Organization Regional
Interamericana de Trabajadores
No. 124 . 2997
Index
The Zapatista Army of
The Voters of California
The First Americans
on Human Rights
324
XI
331
333
The Heads of State of
337
340
343
The Inter-American Commission
351
328
347