Download EPA and FDA Flea Products — by Dr. Mark Grossman

EPA and FDA Flea Products — by Dr. Mark Grossman Copyright Veterinary Information Network
PRODUCT
(COMPANY)
Activyl
TickPLUS
(Merck)
Activyl
for Cats
(Merck)
Advantage
(Bayer)
ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
Indoxacarb
and
Permethrin
Indoxacarb
Imidacloprid
Advantage
Multi
(Bayer)
Imidacloprid
Moxidectin
Capstar
(Novartis)
Nitenpyram
Certifect
(Merial)
Amitraz
Fipronil
Methoprene
Cheristin
Comfortis
(Elanco)
EasySpot
(Novartis)
Frontline
Plus
(Merial)
Spinetoram
Spinosad
Fipronil
Fipronil
s-Methoprene
SPECIES/
MIN. AGE
Dogs 8 weeks
Cats 8 weeks
Dogs 7 weeks
Cats 8 weeks
Dogs 7 weeks
Cats 9 weeks
Dogs 4 weeks >2
lbs
Cats 4 weeks >2
lbs
Dogs 8 weeks
>5 lbs
Cats 8 weeks
Dogs 14 weeks
> 3.3 lbs
Cats 14 wks
> 2 lbs
Cats 8 weeks
Dogs 8 weeks
Cats 8 weeks
DOSAGE/
ADMINISTRATION
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On;
can be used
weekly
Monthly
Spot-On
One Tablet daily
or as needed
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Chewable
Tablet
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On
*Note that all of the topical flea products are subject to wash-off when anti-seborrheic shampoo are used.
EFFECTS
COMMENTS
Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of
feeding and death in a few hours.
Permethrin kills fleas, kills and repels ticks,
repels mosquitoes.
Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety.
Fairly large oil spot. So far variable results.
Note: Indoxacarb is not an op or
carbamate.
Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of
feeding and death in a few hours.
Paralysis & death of fleas
Kill fleas within 12 hours, prevents
heartworms,intestinal worms. Kills ear
mites, kills scabies, mites, may kill
Demodex
Rapid flea kill
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's
nervous system causing flea death;
kills ticks; scabicidal, flea ovicide
(Methoprene)
Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety. Fairly
large oil spot. So far variable results. Note:
Indoxacarb is not an op or carbamate.
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous
system causing flea death, kills ticks
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous
system causing flea death; kills and
repels ticks
MOA
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide
that acts on sodium channels in the
nervous system of insects.
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide
that acts on sodium channels in the
nervous system of insects.
Rapid action; shampoo wash-off*
Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor agonists / antagonists
FDA Rx drug; heartworms, intestinal worms,
ear mites, scabicidal, may have Demodex
efficacy, imidacloprid shampoo wash-off*
The cat version has less moxidectin,
and is registered for cat parasites
Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor agonists /
antagonists; Moxidectin Group 6
Chloride channel activators
FDA OTC Drug, rapid onset, quick kill, no
residual
Not approved for Demodex, no pemphigus
reaction reported; Amitraz potentiates tick
kill of Fipronil. Begins killing ticks in 6
hours, kills 100% of ticks within 18 hours
Very rapid onset. Begins killing fleas in 30
minutes. May see hair loss as in other
topicals, will leave a small greasy spot.
Occasionally see inactivity, inappetence and
vomiting.
Excitation of nervous system
Paralysis and death of fleas
Updated 5.2.14
Group 5 Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor agonists (spinosyns)
Amitraz - Group 19
Octopaminergicagonists. Fipronil Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel
antagonists; S-methoprene:
Juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)
Works by activation of the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor, but at a different
site than nicotine or neonicotinoid.
FDA Rx drug, rapid onset, quick kill;
vomiting, epilepsy caution
Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor agonists / antagonists
Some flea strains relative resistance!,
shampoo resistant
Group 2 GABA-gated chloride
channel antagonists
Some flea strains relative resistance!,
shampoo resistant
Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gated
chloride channel antagonists;
S-methoprene: Juvenile hormone
analogue (IGR)
! relative resistance is controversial
Continued on the other side
PRODUCT
(COMPANY)
ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
K9
Advantix
(Bayer)
Imidacloprid
Permethrin
NexGard
Parastar
(Novartis)
Parastar
Plus
(Novartis)
Program /
Sentinel
(Novartis)
Revolution
(Zoetis)
Scalibor
Flea and Tick
Collar
(Merck)
Seresto
collar
(Bayer)
Afoxolaner
Fipronil
Fipronil
Cyphenothrin
(pyrethroid)
Lufenuron
Selamectin
Deltamethrin
4%
(synthetic
pyrethroid)
Flumethrin
and
imidacloprid
Trifexis
(Elanco)
Spinosad
Milbemycin
oxime
Vectra 3D
(Ceva)
Dinotefuran
Permethrin
Pyriproxifen
Vectra for
Cats and
Kittens
(Ceva)
Dinotefuran
Pyriproxifen
SPECIES/
MIN. AGE
DOSAGE/
ADMINISTRATION
Dogs 7 weeks
Monthly
Spot-On
Dogs 8 weeks
>4 lbs
Dogs 8 weeks
Dogs 12 weeks
Dogs 4 weeks
Cats 4 weeks
Dogs 8 weeks
Cats 8 weeks
Monthly
Chewable Chunk
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On
Oral Monthly;
Cat injectable
every 6 months
Monthly
Spot-On
EFFECTS
Paralysis and death of fleas; kills and
repels ticks; repels mosquitoes
Demonstrated 100% effectiveness against adult
fleas 24 hours post-infestation for 35 days. And
>93% 12 hours post-infestation. Two studies
showed it killed fleas before they began laying eggs.
Shown to be >97% effective against American Dog
tick 48 hours post infestation
for 30 days.
Dogs 7 weeks,
>5 lbs
Dogs 7 weeks
Cats 8
weeks;
8 Month
Collar
Oral
monthly
Monthly
Spot-On
Monthly
Spot-On
Caution with cat indirect exposure;
imidacloprid shampoo wash-off*
Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor agonists /
antagonists; Permethrin Group 3
Sodium channel modulator
Only tested against American dog tick but
suspect it kills others. Very palatable chunk.
Biggest side effect is vomiting (4%). The safe
use of afoxolaner in breeding, pregnant or
lactating dogs has not been evaluated. Use
with caution in dogs with a history of seizures.
A member of the isoxazoline family.
Inhibits insect and acarine ligand-gated
chloride channels. Particularly those gated
by GABA.
Results in uncontrolled activity of the CNS.
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous
system causing flea death; kills ticks
Some flea strains relative resistance!;
shampoo resistant
Group 2 GABA-gated chloride
channel antagonists
Kills ticks, fleas, and chewing lice.
Cyphenothrin is known to be a quick
knock-down pyrethroid
Seems to work better than other topicals
for ticks; waterproof. Applicator has to be
cut at tip to open. Some vets feel that there
has been some flea resistance to
Fipronil these past few years
Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gated
chloride channel antagonists;
s-methoprene: juvenile hormone
analogue (IGR)
Insect Development Inhibitor
FDA drug (Sentinel - prescription; Program OTC); oral forms must be given with food
Kills fleas; prevents feeding, rapid cessation of FDA Rx drug; Slow to maximum kill for
egg production; also prevents heartworm
adult fleas, but cessation of feeding and egg
infestations, treats ear mites, scabies (and
production is rapid
other sarcoptiform mites), Dermacentor ticks
and roundworms and hookworms in cats
Collar
Dogs 7 weeks
Cats 10 weeks
MOA
!
Knockdown effect, dehydration and death
Dogs 12 weeks
COMMENTS
Extremely lipophilic; easily penetrates the
cuticles of insects and acarines. Water
resistant, long lasting - up to 6 months.
Caution on debilitated, pregnant, nursing or
aged animals.
Kills existing fleas on dogs within 24 hours after applying the
collar. According to the insert, re-infesting fleas are killed
within 2 hours with protection against further flea infestation
lasting eight (8) months. Ticks already on the dog prior to
treatment may not be killed immediately. The prevention of
infestations with new ticks starts within 48 hours after
application of the collar. Re-infesting ticks are
repelled and/or killed as quickly as 6 hours.
Cheaper alternative than many topicals. Variable
results. OTC collar. For full 8 month duration
bathing no more than once per month is
recommended. For dogs that swim more once a
month or more, the duration is reduced to 5 months.
For cats who are bathed more than once per month,
the same holds true.
Spinosad - excitation of nervous system
Paralysis and death of fleas
FDA Rx drug; not approved for cats
Dinotefuran - kills fleas. Permethrin - kills
fleas, repels and kills ticks, repels and kills
mosquitoes. Pyriproxifen - insect growth
inhibitor
Very rapid onset of action; cool
applicator; large vol. (up to 8 ml in
giant breed dogs); not tested against
resistant flea strains;
Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*
Dinotefuran - kills fleas
Pyriproxifen - insect growth inhibitor
Very rapid onset of action; cool
applicator; 0.8 ml for cats < 9 lbs;
1.2 ml for cats 9+ lbs; not tested
against resistant flea strains;
Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*
Group 15 Inhibitors of chitin
biosynthesis
Group 22 Voltage-dependent
sodium channel blockers
Metaflumizone: Group 22
Voltagedependent sodium channel
blockers; Amitraz:
Group 19 Octopaminergic agonists
Flumethrin effects voltage gated sodium channels
in neural tissue causing them to remain open for
longer than physiologically normal. Imidacloprid
acts as an agonist on the postsynaptic nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors of motor neurones in
insects causing an over-stimulation of the nervous
system ultimately killing the insect.
!
!
Dinotefuran: Group 4 Nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor agonists /
antagonists similar to imidacloprid;
Pyriproxifen: Juvenile hormone
analogue (IGR)