Download from the Chapter and the in-class video. Colonies

Chapter 3 – Review Worksheet – from the Chapter and the in-class video.
Colonies Take Root – 17th Century America
Roger Williams – Massachusetts colonist who argued strongly against the seizing of Native American lands and forcing
Native Americans to be converted – founded Rhode Island – based on representative government and religious
freedom, welcoming Jews, Catholics, and Protestants of other faiths
Rhode Island – original colonial charter was granted by King Charles I – was the first colony to officially separate the
laws of the church and state – provided religious tolerance, representative government and separation of church and
state – which became the foundation for future political thought by 1776
Anne Hutchinson – believed that finding God was a personal quest – no need for an organized religion – she was a
spiritual leader – the first woman to head an organized group in America – she challenged the religious establishment of
the 17th century and was expelled from Massachusetts, establishing a settlement in Rhode Island
King Philip’s War – one of the bloodiest in our history – 1675-76 -- two years of fighting by Native Americans – led by
Metacom – known by his English name – King Philip -- in defense of their New England territory. Hundreds of Colonists
and Native Americans were brutally killed – became a turning point which led to the souring of relationships between
the English and the Native Americans
Margaret Brent – of Maryland – this colony was founded for religious tolerance – all Christians could practice religion
freely – she was the first woman to represent people in the courts in Maryland – had quite a bit of power and authority
for a woman – later moved to Virginia
John Winthrop – Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony – believed the Puritans had a covenant with God to create
a “holy society”
Puritans – first to colonize Massachusetts –were intolerant of people of other faiths – tried to convert Native Americans
as well
Massachusetts Bay Colony – Church and State relationship intertwined – only adult male Puritans were allowed to
vote in the General Court
Reverend John Harvard – English Colonial minister who left a bequest to help the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s
fledgling new college – later named Harvard University – in his honor
Colonist in the south – NOT Puritan – came from many backgrounds -- from nobles to convicts
Indentured servitude – a system which contracted an individual for 5-7 years – to acquire free passage and a job in
the New World – after 5-7 years, they received rights to land and a means to freedom
William Penn – a Quaker -- founded his colony of Pennsylvania on religious liberty and equality – cornerstones of the
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution – 100 years later
Quakers – believed all men to be equal – direct word of God dwelt within a person’s soul – not through the Bible,
minister or church – called each other “Friends”
Colonial American Black Codes – laws enacted throughout Colonial America to discourage the freeing of slaves and
to prevent slave uprisings and revolts
Mercantilism – economic theory that colonies existed for the purpose of making the home country wealthy and
powerful
The House of Burgesses – this Virginia lawmaking body marked the beginning of representative government in North
America
Act of Toleration – Encouraged by Lord Baltimore, the Maryland colonial assembly passed this act, welcoming ALL
Christians – an important first step toward religious toleration in North America
Plantation – essentially a fully self-sufficient “town” that relied heavily on slave labor – an idea that developed in the
Tidewater region of Virginia and Maryland, and spread southward as settlers started growing labor-intensive crops like
tobacco, which they exported to Europe
Georgia – the last of England’s 13 colonies – founded by James Oglethorpe – for two reasons -- 1. To be a buffer
between the Carolinas to the north and Spanish Florida to the south and 2. To be a haven for English debtors – people
who owed money and could be imprisoned for their debts