Download A fault is a CRACK in the Earth. 1. A tsunami is a giant wave formed

Chapter 4 Study Guide A fault is a CRACK in the Earth. 1. A tsunami is a giant wave formed from an EARTHQUAKE on the ocean floor. 2. How far a place is above sea level is its ALTITUDE. 3. Volcanoes and earthquakes both happen at the edges of TECTONIC PLATES. 4. The EPICENTER of an earthquake is directly above the focus. 5. The WINDWARD side of the mountain gets the rain and the LEEWARD side is dry. 6. We think that two landforms that were once together may have separated because of CONTINENTAL DRIFT. 7. What can cause two cities at similar latitudes to have different climates? NEARNESS TO THE OCEAN OR MOUNTAINS 8. The SIERRA NEVADA Mountains are FAULT BLOCK mountains that form when PLATES RUB TOGETHER. 9. MAGMA RISING can cause the sea floor to spread apart. 10. You often see snow on mountain tops because the temperature goes DOWN as you go higher in altitude. 1. Parts of South America can become much wetter and hotter due t the EL NINO EFFECT. 2. The leeward side of a mountain is sometimes called a RAIN SHADOW. 3. Cities on the coast have MORE MODERATE temperatures than cities that are far INLAND. 4. An earthquake causes a RAPID change in the Earth’s crust. 5. Earth’s plates collide at PLATE BOUNDARIES. 6. Know the four sections of the solid earth and the characteristics of each. Crust Thinnest Layer Mantle Thickest Layer Outer Core Liquid Layer Inner Core Solid Layer Be able to draw a diagram to represent this. 1. How is an earthquake like throwing a pebble in a pond? THE WAVE EXTENDS OUTWARD IN ALL DIRECTIONS. AS THE WAVES MOVE OUTWARD, THEY GROW WEAKER. 1. How are volcanoes and earthquakes similar? BOTH CAUSE GREAT DESTRUCTION AND BOTH FORM AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. 1. Climate-­‐ AVERAGE TEMPERATURE/PRECIPITATION OVER A LONG TIME. Weather-­‐ WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW 1. Evidence of Continental Drift: fossils, age and type of mountains, and the shape of the continent’s coastlines. KNOW YOUR VOCABULARY WORDS