Download Biology 2201 Final Exam Review

Biology 2201 Final Exam Review
Unit 1: Matter and Energy for Life
1. Explain 4 hypothesis behind cell theory.
2. What are the contributions of scientists, Redi, Needham, Leeuwenhoek, Spallanzani and Pasteur to the
development of cell theory.
3. What’s the difference between biogenesis and abiogenesis?
4. Be able to a.) label the parts of a microscope b.) explain how to focus c.) prepare a slide d.) determine
field of view and e.) do a scientific drawing.
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Be able to identify organelles of plants and animal cells and explain their function.
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Compare passive transport methods: diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis.
Compare active transport methods: endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptormediated endocytosis.
9. Explain the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions.
10. Describe and draw the structure of a cell membrane and explain why it’s important that it be
selectively permeable.
11. What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur? Give equation.
12. What is cellular respiration? Where does it occur? Give equation.
13. Why are energy transformations so important to humans?
Unit 2: Biodiversity
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How do scientists identify life? (six characteristics)
What are the six kingdoms known to man?
What piece of technology helped to identify microorganisms?
Which kingdoms have prokaryotic cells? (p. 106)
Which kingdoms have eukaryotic cells? (p. 106)
What is the correct order of taxa from broadest to narrowest? (p. 108)
What evidence does the radioactive dating provide?
What evidence does the study of anatomy provide?
What evidence is provided by studying embryonic development, biochemistry and DNA?
What does DNA amplification mean? How is it done using polymerase chain reaction technique? In
what cases might this be used? (STSE Case Study)
Where do organisms in the kingdom Archaea live?
Briefly describe the kingdom fungi (Body form, make up of cell walls, nutrition, and reproduction)
What are some common examples of fungi?
How are plants and animals similar? Different?
What characteristic is used to divide the plant kingdom?
What are the general characteristics of plants?
What are the three divisions of non-vascular plants?
Give a brief description of each division.
What characteristics do biologists use to classify animals?
What characteristic is used to divide the animal kingdom in two?
Why are angiosperms so successful?
Why are arthropods so successful?
Describe the lifecycle of E. Coli, Plasmodium, Rhizopus, Fern, T4 Virus, and a Frog.
STUDY KINGDOM, PLANTS, VERTS, AND INVERTS TABLES!!!
Unit 3: Dynamic Equilibrium
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List four internal body constants that are maintained by homeostasis.
Explain how a homeotherm maintainsbody temperature.
In what situations would vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur?
Give an example of how a negative feedback loop works in your body.
Explain the three primary cycles in the circulation system.
What are the three elements in a circulatory system?
What’s the difference between an artery, vein and capillary?
Describe the components of blood.
What is the function of blood?
Label the diagram of the heart and explain the pathway of blood (oxygenated and deoxygenated).
How is systolic blood pressure different from diastolic blood pressure.
Explain the risks involved with high blood pressure.
How can one avoid getting high blood pressure?
14. What types of treatments are available for people with high blood pressure?
15. What is the basic function of the respiratory system?
16. What are the three basic elements of the lung system?
17. Describe the four subdivisions of respiration in mammals.
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Describe the flow of air through the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Describe the function of: Nostrils, Pharynx, Glottis, Epiglottis, Larynx and Trachea
What is mucus and why is it important?
Give the function of each of the following: bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Describe how gas is exchanged in the lungs.
Describe the structure of the lungs.
Explain the mechanics of inhalation and exhalation.
What are four respiratory diseases? Be able to describe one in detail.
Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion?
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
What does saliva do? (Two things)
What purpose does the tongue serve?
What function does the epiglottis serve?
What is peristalsis?What controls the opening to and from the stomach?
What type of muscles lines the stomach?
What does gastric juice do?
What do the following enzymes breakdown: peptidase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, lipase, and maltase?
Where are these enzymes produced?
What does the pancreas produce and what is its function?
What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?
What is the purpose of bile and where is it stored?
How is the surface area of the small intestine increased? Why is this important?
Give the three parts of the small intestine and the function of each?
What are the essential nutrients? What is the function of each?
What is the difference between saturated and non-saturated fats?
Describe two digestive disorders.
What are the organs of the excretory system?
Describe the human urinary system.
What are the main metabolic wastes of the kidneys? Where do they come from?
Describe the structure of the kidney.
Label and explain three main functions of the nephron.
Describe two disorders of the excretory system.
What is the immune system?
What is the difference between non-specific and specific immunity
What is phagocytosis?
Describe two types of lymphocytes. Where are they produced, and where do they mature?
What is the difference between antibody immunity and cellular immunity?
Label and describe the structure of an antibody.
What is an antigen?
Describe the steps involved in the cellular immune response and the antibody response.
Unit 4: Interactions Among Living Things
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What is a population? A community?
What does population growth depend on?
Difference between population growth in an unlimited vs. limited environment (draw growth curves for
each).
Discuss biotic potential and environmental resistance and how they both interact to determine
carrying capacity.
Understand the various phases within a logistic growth curve.
List 4-5 limiting factors.
Discuss the predator-prey relationship and its cyclic nature. Draw a graph that displays this.
How have organisms evolved ways of protecting themselves from predators? Give examples of each.
Define: succession, niche, habitat, range, population density.
GOOD LUCK!!!