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Earthquake Guided Notes
page494
 What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare and
contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress
Force acting on a
Unit
Compression, tension
shear
Strain
directly
related
Deformation of materials
in response to stress
 What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
FaultFracture or system of fractures in Earth’s crust that occurs when
stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great
Reverse faults: fractures that form as a result of horizontal compression
Normal faults: fractures caused by horizontal tension; movement along
a normal fault is partly horizontal and partly vertical; the horizontal
movement along a normal fault occurs in such a way as to extend the
crust
Strike-Slip faults: fractures caused by horizontal shear; movement is
mainly horizontal
Earthquake Guided Notes
Type of waves
Primary
Secondary
Surface
Description
Sketch
Squeeze and
pull rocks
Pass through
Earth’s interior
Rocks move at
right angles in
relation to
direction of
waves
Pass through
Earth’s interior
Move in two
directions as
they pass
through rock
Rocks move
side to side as
it passes
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Movement
same direction
along which
the waves are
traveling
Right angles
Up and down
movement
 How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast?
The focus is where the earthquake originates, the epicenter is the
point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus
 The greater the distance between “P” and “S” waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter.
Earthquake Guided Notes
page494
 What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Richter scale
 What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale?
Modified Mercalli scale 1-12
 Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10
1) Not felt except under unusual conditions
5) felt by nearly everyone, dishes and windows break, plaster
cracks
10) most ordinary structures are destroyed, rails are bent,
landslides are common