Download Chapter Europe Emerges, 600-1200 Chapter 9

Unit 3
Europe Emerges,
600-1200
Chapter 10
“Medieval”
Byzantium’s conflict with Islam helped inspire
Western Europe in the 11th century.
Byzantium inherited a confidence of Roman
Empire while Western Europe could not
achieve political unity and suffered
economic decline.
The Byzantine Empire 600-1200
An Empire Beleaguered
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Eastern Empire supreme legal and religious
authority. Why?
Conversion of IslamSchism (Latin Church v. Orthodox Church)
Society and Urban Life

Byzantine
 decline, not as rapid as in the west.
 Rigid family life
 Emperors intervened in economy
 Cities suffered

Western Europe
 Declines rapidly
 Barter
 Population
 urbanization
Cultural Achievements
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Body of Civil Law
Domed Buildings
Cyrillic script spread
Early Medieval Europe, 600-1000
From the Roman Empire to
Germanic Kingdoms

In the 5th century Roman Empire broke
down. _________ ruled a number of different
kingdoms.

Invasions:
In the 8th century
Carolingians united
Frankish kingdoms:
Gaul, Germany, Italy
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Vikings (late 8th and 9th centuries)
Invaded: France, England, and Spain
 Norman William the Conqueror invaded
England in 1066. He also expelled the ________
from Sicily in 1060

A Self-Sufficient Economy
Decline of Roman Empire led to:

1.
2.

Self sufficient and reliant on “small Germanic
traditions”
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Manors
Lords
Fief (became hereditary)
vassal
serfs
Early Medieval Society in the West

A class of nobles emerged into _______.
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Feudalism

Landowning and military service became
inseparable.
Why?
Military service lead to new ________. This
was expensive, therefore knights needed
land to support themselves.
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Kings were weak because:
The lord’s manor was the government
Noble women were pawns in marriage
politics.
The Western Church
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The Roman noble lost control of the papacy
The Catholic Church became a force of
_____ in the fragmented Medieval Europe.
Church deals with issues such as:
Politics and the Church

Merging of powers between church and
state

Holy Roman Empire

962 Charlemagne
Pope Gregory VII makes a bold move
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Investiture Controversy

How was this resolved?
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Concordat of Worms 1122
Henry II tried to bring the church under
control as part of his general effort to
strengthen his power.
Monasticism

Originally developed in Egypt.
1.
 2.
 3.
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Regular v. Secular clergy
Benedictine abbey of Cluny:

They also served as ____, _____, _______.
Kievan Russia, 900-1200

Russia runs from the Black and Caspian Seas in
the south to the Baltic and White Seas in the
north.

Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and
Turks. Forest dwellers, steppe nomads, and
farmers traded with each other. Long
distance trade linked Russia to the Silk
Road.

Kiev and Novgorod

In 980 Vladimir I became Grand Prince of
Kiev.
What did he choose as the official state religion?
Why?
 Adopted culture of Byzantine
 Internal political struggles and conflict with
external foes led to a decline in Kievan Russia
after 1100.

Society and Culture
Depended on trading instead of agriculture.
Why?
 Social status higher
than peasants.
Small population.
 Christianity
spread slowly.

Western Europe Revives, 1000-1200
Slow population increase, money based
economy, new technology
 Population doubled; kings gained power
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Cities and Rebirth of Trade

Cities turned to manufacturing and runaway
serfs increased population

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A year and a day
Trade
Italy, Venice=
 Flanders=
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Coins
The Crusades, 1095-1204
Israel/Jordan/Palestine= “Holy Land”
 Under Muslim control for centuries;
tolerance/everyone is welcome
 Turkish nomads became a threat to Christians

The Roots of the Crusades
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Reasons:
Pope Urban II (1095)
The Impact of the Crusades
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Limited impact on Muslim world. Why?
Effects: