Download Intermodal Transportation Network

Alja Novak, Milena Stopar, Jernej Vegelj, Nina Gramc, Grega Medved
Krško, 25.01.2007
THE NATURE OF
INTERMODALISM
Alja Novak
Conventionally, the competition between the
modes has tended to produce a transport
system that is segmented and un-integrated.
Each mode has sought to exploit its own
advantages in terms of cost, service, reliability
and safety. Carriers tried to retain business by
maximizing the line-haul under their control. All
the modes viewed their competitors with
suspicion and mistrust.
Thus, transportation systems having several
modes can be considered from :

Intermodal Transportation Network.
– A logistically linked system using two or more
transport modes with a single rate.

Multimodal Transportation Network.
– A set of transport modes offering connections
between origins and destinations. Although
intermodal transportation is possible, it does not
necessarily occur.
The emergence of intermodalism has been
brought about in part by technology and
requires management units for freight such as
containers, swap bodies, pallets or semitrailers. In the past, were a common
management unit, but their relatively small size
and lack of protective frame made their
intermodal handling labor intensive and prone
to damage or theft.
Today, intermodal transport is transforming a growing
share of the medium and long-haul freight flows across
the globe. Large integrated transport carriers provide
door to door services. Intermodality can be conceived
as the transition from one mode of transportation to
another, and is organized around the followings
concepts:
– The nature and quantity of the transported commodities;
–
–
–
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The modes of transportation being used;
The origins and destinations;
Transportation time and costs;
The value of the commodities and the frequency of
shipment.
CONTEINERIZATION
AND INTERMODALISM
Milena Stopar
Containers in intermodal transport
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developement of container in 1960´s in
maritime space
mechanized handling of cargo of different
types and dimensions
usable in maritime, railway and roads modes
of transport
made of steel or aluminum
21 million containers made in 2005
Advantages of containers
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standard transport product
flexibility of usage
management
costs
speed
warehousing
security
Disadvatages of containers
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consumption of space
infrastructure costs
stacking
management logistics
empty travel
illegal trade
INTERMODALISM
AND OTHER MODES
Jernej Vegelj
DOOR TO DOOR
In 1980’s, containerization, started to spread inland.
Door-to-door rates by integrating rail services and local truck pick
up and delivery in a seamless network.
In this way they could serve customers across the country by
offering door-to-door service from suppliers located around the
world.
RAIL & SHIPPING IN EUROPE
Other parts of the world have not developed the same
degree of synergies between rail and shipping as in
North America.
In Europe rail intermodal services are well established
between the major ports.
BARGE SERVICES & OCEAN SHIPPING
Interconnections between barge services and ocean shipping.
Barge shipping offers a low cosst solution to inland distribution
where navigable waterways penetrate to interior markets.
This solution is being tested in North America where the ports in
New York and New Jersey are sponsoring barge services to Albany
and several other destinations.
AIRLINE INDUSTRY
High labor costs and the slowness of loading planes made the
industry very receptive to the concept of loading unit of standard
dimension.
So a box specific to the needs of the airlines was required.
They made light weight aluminium boxes which can be easily
loaded into the holds of the planes.
RAIL INDUSTRY
A unique form of intermodal unit has been developed in the rail
industry, particularly in the US.
They invented roadrailer, this is a road trailer that can also roll on
rail tracks.
Here the rail bogies may be part of trailer unit, or be attached in the
railway yard.
The road unit becomes a rail car or vice-versa.
It is used extensively by a major US rail company, Norfolk
Southern, whose service provides just-in-time deliveries.
INTERMODALISM AND
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Nina Gramc

The integrated transport chain is itself
being integrated into the production and
distribution processes.

It has to be built into the entire supply
chain system.
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3PL - Third party logistics providers:
– Is a firm that provides outsourced or “third party”
logistics services to companies for part or
sometimes all of their supply chain management
function

4PL - Fourth party logistics:
– Is a firm that provides outsourced of “third party”
logistics services to companies tor part of their
supply chain management function

Door to door services
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Paradox, that for customer geographic space
becomes meaningless

The effectiveness of intermodal transport
system is thus masking the importance of
transportation to its users
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
COSTS
Grega Medved

Costs, distance and modal choice
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Geographical settings
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Combine modals

Less costly – unimodal
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Capacity to route reight-capacity to transship it
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intermodal cost= several transpotration costs
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tehnical improvements-containerization
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The concept of economies of scales
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Also in diseconomies
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Maritime-larger ships
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Inland and transshipment-quantities
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½ and 2/3 of total TEU cost-land transport
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Intermodal transport-the best solution
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Switzerland-law
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EU trying to promote…