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Settling the Northern Colonies
•Regional differences abound despite
common background
Chapter themes
• Religious and political turmoil in England
shaped settlement in New England and the
middle colonies
• The Protestant Reformation provided the
major impetus and leadership for the
settlement of New England. The New
England colonies developed a fairly
homogeneous social order based on religion
and semi communal family and town
Themes cont.
• Principles of American government
developed in New England with the
beginnings of written constitutions
(Mayflower Compact and Massachusett’s
Royal Charter). Town hall meetings
provide a glimpse of self-rule, as does the
New England Confedertion and opposition
to the Dominion of New England
Themes concluded
• The Middle Colonies of New Netherland,
Pennsylvania,New Jersey and Delaware
developed with far greater political, ethnic,
religious and social diversity, and they
represented a more cosmopolitan middle
ground between the tight knit New England
towns and the scattered , hierarchical
plantation in the south
Reformation and Protestants
• John Calvin-Institutes on Christian Religion
• “elect”-predestined-man is weak and
unknowing
• Gnawing doubts existed-sought signs of
conversion- led sanctified lives to show
other their behavior as ‘visible’ saints.
James I opposes Puritans
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“P” call monarch’s religious power into ?
Jame’s actions are severe
“P” leave for?
Given Charter in 1619- to go to?
Land in?-create a Compact
Bradford saves the colony-whose historical
significance lies in their moral and spiritual
qualities
Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Compare to PBC
Great Migration
Covenant/franchise/
Clergyman and politics ?
Calling into question the authority of the
church was called heresy
• Punishment for any who did the above?
• Anne Hutchinson and antinomianism
Rhode Island
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Founder/purpose
Complete freedom of religion
List Williams’ beliefs
As a colony what did Rhode Island become
known for?
Connecticut
• Begins as the Conn. River settlements
• 2 colonies CR colony and New Haven
• CRC known for fundamental orders
Puritans v Indians
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Disease-3/4
Massasoit-cannot resist-join-Squanto
1637-Encroachment continues unabated
Mystic River (Conn.) Pequot War
Puritan reaction strong devastating
Critics urge understanding-Praying Towns
40 yr. Uneasy peace-Native’s downfall?
1675-Metacom-KPWAR-results?
Seeds of Colonial Unity/Indep.
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New England Confed.-Who/What/Where/
Influence for the future
Benign neglect-1640-1660
Restoration-Charles II-illustrate his power
Targets which colony?
CR settlements given charter-1662Mass has charter revoked in 1684/1691-made
Royal colony-devastating
• 1686-Dominion of New England-
Dominion of New England
• James II-restrain the free wheeling nature of
colonies
• Economic curbs imposed-enforcement of
Navigation Laws
• Andros was tactless-does not help matters by
becoming close to the hated Anglican church in
Boston
• Soldiers do not help matters
• Town meetings curbed
• Schools,churches,courts,press all regulated
Dominion cont.
• Colonists taxed without consent
• England’s turmoil continues when James in
deposed in a bloodless coup.
• His daughter and husband-William ascend to the
throne
• Andros, powerless tries to flee Boston-caught in a
compromising position-sent back to England
• Massachusetts never recovers-1691-Made into a
ROYAL colony
New York
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Netherlands gain indep. W/help from UK
To return the favor they compete with her
DEI/DWI companies-describe each
Henry Hudson-English explorer in Employ
of the Dutch
• In search of NWPASS. He sails up …..
• 1623-1624-New Amsterdam planted
Friction with Neighbors
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Company run by incompetents
Shareholders want profits
Natives react to treatment
New England Confederation votes to go to warfalls one vote shy
• 1638-1655 Swedes encroach from the south in
what is called New Sweden
• Peter Stuyvesant sent in 1655 to dispatch tohe
colony
• Becomes a footnote leaving place names-and log
cabins
Dutch Residues in New York
Days of the Dutch numbered-1/2 pop. English
1. Charles II 1664 gives the area to Duke of
York-his…?
2. Fleet was sent to seize area- Stuyvesant
puts a an heroic defense
3. England gains…
Penn’s Holy Experiment
• Society of Friends-critics?
• William Penn-advertised and attracted ‘good’
people
• Penn’s land policies were generous-not always
fair-Walking Purchase 1737
• Penn’s treatment of natives went well
• No established church
• Assembly elected by landowners
• Freedom of worship
Pennsylvania cont.
• No military service
• No restrictions on
immigration/naturalization was made easy
• Variety of ethnic groups
• Pa. Was an immediate success. By 1700
surpassed in pop. And wealth by just 2
• Penn’s story is a sad one…..
New Jersey
• Early refuge for Quakers
• Began in 1664-Duke of York granted
property to 2 friends-Lord John Berkeley
and Sir George Carteret
• Berkely’s wife sold her half to Quakers-this
was East Jersey
• 1702 both were joined as one-Royal colony
• Ethnically and Religiously diverse
The Middle Way in the Middle
Colonies
• Soil-bread colonies
• Rivers-promote travel,fur and industry
• Literally and figuretively middle groundland holdings were moderate-not as much
industry as north-less than south
• Religion-land policies reflect great degree
of freedom-though less in NY
• Diversity common-ethnically/socially