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The Unification of China CH 4 Section 4 name___________________________ The social disorder of the warring states contributes to the development of three Chinese ethical systems I. Confucius and the Social Order A. ____________ Dynasty Lasted ______________________; ancient values decline near end of dynasty B. Confucius and Social Order _______________________________, 551 BC, desired to restore order and _____________________ in China Zhou Dynasty is time of disorder Scholar Confucius wants to restore _______________________________ __________________________________________________________ China could do this by organizing around five basic relationships: Notice that 3 of 5 1. ruler and ________________ 4. older brother and _________ relationships are based on what? 2. father and ______________ _______________________ 3. husband and ___________ 5. friend and ______________ Only 1 of 5 concerns Promotes __________________________- respect for parents and ancestors Hopes to reform society by promoting good __________________ C. Confucius and Government • Confucian ideas about government – Thinks _______________________ can transform people – Teachings become foundation of __________________________, a trained civil service, those who run government – Confucianism is an _____________________________________ of right and wrong, NOT a _____________________ Q: How did creation of a bureaucracy promote equality? A: II. Other Ethical Systems A. Daoists seek harmony – _________________teaches that people should follow the natural order of life; Believes the universal force called __________ guides all things – Daoism philosophy is ____________________________________________________________ Q: Explain this quote from Laozi, “When there is no desire, all things are at peace.” A: B. Legalists urge harsh rule – Legalism emphasizes ____________________________________________ – Teaches that obedience should be ____________________, disobedience should be _________________________ C. I Ching and Yin and Yang – I Ching offers good advice, common sense – Concept of yin and yang- _____________________________________________ – _______: cold, dark, soft mysterious; __________: warm, bright, hard, clear – I Ching and yin and yang explain how people fit into the world III. The Qin Dynasty Unifies China A. ___________ Dynasty Replaces Zhou in third century BC B. __________________________ - means “First Emperor” -_________________ China, ends _________________, & ___________________ ___________________________ Q: Shi Huangdi introduced a policy called “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches”. What does the trunk refer to? Branches? A: C. Shi Huangdi takes control - nobles were forced to move _____________________________________ - divided China into __________administrative districts controlled by Qin officials - Employed Legalist ideas to unify country. Murdered _________________ _______________________, burned “______________________” books -Establish autocracy, ____________________________________________ D. Program of Centralization - Shi Huangdi builds highways ____________ miles, irrigation projects, and increased trade - Standardization: set same standards for ______________________, ____________, _________________________, and _________________________ Q: Harsh rule includes high taxes and repressive government. China was unified, but at what cost? A: E. Great Wall of China - Emperor forces peasants to build Great Wall for protection Q: Was Shi Huangdi justified in requiring Q: What were positive and negative peasants to work on the wall? effects of Shi Huangdi’s reign? IV. The fall of Qin Shi Huangdi’s son loses throne to rebel leader - __________________________ rebel; leader from land of ___________________ marches troops into capital - 202 BC, the harsh Qin dynasty gave way to the _____________ Dynasty