Download Name: Date: ______ 1. A mother who is slow in responding to her

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. A mother who is slow in responding to her infant's cries of distress is most likely to
encourage:
A) habituation.
B) conservation.
C) insecure attachment.
D) object permanence.
E) egocentrism.
2. Babies accustomed to a puppet jumping three times on stage show surprise if the puppet
jumps only twice. This suggests that Piaget:
A) overestimated the continuity of cognitive development.
B) underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants.
C) overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence.
D) underestimated the impact of object permanence on infant attachment.
3. When golden hamsters were repeatedly threatened and attacked while young, they
suffered long-term changes in:
A) object permanence.
B) brain chemistry.
C) the rooting reflex.
D) maturation.
E) habituation.
4. The rooting reflex refers to a baby's tendency to:
A) withdraw a limb to escape pain.
B) turn the head away from a cloth placed over the face.
C) open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
D) be startled by a loud noise.
E) look longer at human faces than at inanimate objects.
5. The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as
adolescents is most relevant to the issue of:
A) continuity or stages.
B) preconventional or postconventional morality.
C) fluid or crystallized intelligence.
D) stability or change.
E) nature or nurture.
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6. In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most
likely to:
A) act as though their mothers are of little importance to them.
B) use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings.
C) cling to their mothers and ignore the new surroundings.
D) show hostility when their mothers approach them after a brief absence.
7. According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance
remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
8. Early puberty is especially likely among ________ girls in ________ homes.
A) underweight; father-absent.
B) overweight; father-absent
C) underweight; father-present
D) overweight; father-present
9. Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called:
A) egocentrism.
B) assimilation.
C) imprinting.
D) attachment.
E) accommodation.
10. The best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction is the:
A) frequency of their sexual intimacy.
B) intensity of their passionate feelings.
C) ratio of their positive to negative interactions with each other.
D) experience or nonexperience of a prior marriage.
11. For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce, Henry was excessively
preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of:
A) a critical period.
B) habituation.
C) accommodation.
D) object permanence.
E) attachment.
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12. According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the:
A) toddler.
B) preschooler.
C) elementary school child.
D) adolescent.
13. People whose first marriage ends in divorce typically:
A) enter a second marriage.
B) experience unhappiness if they ever remarry.
C) maintain a very friendly relationship with their former spouse.
D) are happier after divorce than couples who remain in their first marriage.
14. Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in total isolation:
A) were totally apathetic and indifferent to the first monkeys they encountered.
B) were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity.
C) showed slower social development but more rapid cognitive development.
D) showed no lasting adverse effects when placed in a socially enriched environment.
15. Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.
A) motor
B) social
C) cognitive
D) emotional
E) physical
16. An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with:
A) fetal alcohol syndrome.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) concrete operational thought.
D) role confusion.
E) autism.
17. Maturation refers to:
A) the acquisition of socially acceptable behaviors.
B) biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.
C) any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and development.
D) the physical and sexual development of early adolescence.
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18. Alzheimer's disease involves a deterioration of neurons that produce:
A) dopamine.
B) estrogen.
C) acetylcholine.
D) epinephrine.
19. The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of
state capitals is to ________.
A) concrete operations; formal operations
B) formal operations; concrete operations
C) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
D) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
20. Four-year-olds are not completely egocentric and 5-year-olds can exhibit some
understanding of conservation. This indicates that Piaget may have underestimated the:
A) importance of critical periods in early life.
B) role of motivation in cognitive development.
C) continuity of cognitive development.
D) importance of early attachment experiences.
21. The ratio of males to females first begins declining during:
A) prenatal development.
B) infancy.
C) childhood.
D) adolescence.
E) adulthood.
22. Compared with adults from Western cultures that favor individualism, those from
communal societies are less likely to develop ________ morality.
A) preconventional
B) postconventional
C) concrete operational
D) conventional
E) preoperational
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23. The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was
simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the
process of:
A) assimilation.
B) egocentrism.
C) conservation.
D) accommodation.
E) maturation.
24. Aaron was extremely upset when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church and
he was not reassured or comforted by her return a short while later. Aaron showed signs
of:
A) egocentrism.
B) habituation.
C) conservation.
D) assimilation.
E) insecure attachment.
25. Adolescence extends from:
A) the beginning of concrete operations to the end of formal operations.
B) 12 to 15 years of age.
C) the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood.
D) the beginning to the end of the growth spurt.
26. The “male answer syndrome” suggests that males are less likely than females to
demonstrate:
A) fluid intelligence.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) intellectual humility.
D) conventional morality.
27. Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in
________ of the major developmental milestones.
A) both the sequence and the age-related timing
B) the sequence but not the age-related timing
C) the age-related timing but not the sequence
D) neither the sequence nor the age-related timing
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28. Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child:
A) is like a blank slate at birth.
B) is not heavily influenced by maturation.
C) assimilates reality differently than an adult's does.
D) is heavily dependent on the child's personality.
29. When looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries, women
usually turn to ________ and men usually turn to ________.
A) men; men
B) women; men
C) women; women
D) men; women
30. Piaget is to cognitive development as Kohlberg is to ________ development.
A) emotional
B) physical
C) moral
D) social
31. Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when
she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Lilianne has just:
A) mastered the principle of conservation.
B) overcome the limitation of egocentrism.
C) developed a sense of object permanence.
D) lost her sense of secure attachment.
32. Three-year-old Angela has a history of being securely attached to her mother. It is most
likely that Angela is:
A) unusually intelligent but also highly anxious.
B) easily frustrated and irritable when her mother is absent.
C) preoccupied with maintaining close physical contact with her mother.
D) outgoing and responsive in her interactions with other children.
33. Maturation is to education as ________ is to ________.
A) accommodation; assimilation
B) learning; experience
C) nature; nurture
D) imprinting; critical period
E) environment; learning
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34. The Russian psychologist Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems
is enhanced by:
A) basic trust.
B) egocentrism.
C) inner speech.
D) conservation.
E) imprinting.
35. When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no
longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piaget's ________
stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) formal operational
C) concrete operational
D) preoperational
36. Rita expected all college professors to be old, bearded males. She found it difficult to
recognize young Kim Lee as a legitimate professor due to her own:
A) egocentrism.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) insecure attachment.
D) rigid schema.
37. Compared to middle-aged adults, adolescents express ________ levels of life
satisfaction and the elderly express ________ levels of life satisfaction.
A) lower; lower
B) similar; similar
C) higher; lower
D) lower; higher
38. According to Piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot
reason with logic during the ________ stage.
A) concrete operational
B) sensorimotor
C) formal operational
D) preoperational
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39. Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a:
A) rectangular shape.
B) circular shape.
C) bull's-eye pattern.
D) drawing of a human face.
40. When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recently learned list of
24 words, the older adults demonstrated:
A) no decline in either recall or recognition.
B) a decline in recognition but not in recall.
C) a decline in recall but not in recognition.
D) a decline in both recognition and recall.
41. Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife
into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance. This is best
explained in terms of:
A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Haidt's social intuitionist theory.
D) Kohlberg's moral development theory.
42. Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the:
A) foot.
B) knee.
C) arm.
D) cheek.
43. Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her
infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to:
A) form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world.
B) encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism.
C) encounter some difficulty in forming an attachment to her father.
D) achieve formal operational intelligence more quickly than the average child.
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44. Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood, aging is
associated with ________ levels of intelligence. Longitudinal research indicated that
during this same period of life, aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.
A) increasing; declining
B) declining; increasing
C) increasing; increasing
D) declining; declining
45. Compared to others their own age, children who form a positive self-concept are more
likely to be:
A) obedient.
B) egocentric.
C) sociable.
D) habituated.
46. Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects.
Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.
A) preoperational
B) concrete operational
C) sensorimotor
D) formal operational
47. A tendency to exaggerate the extent to which our own opinions are shared by others best
illustrates:
A) egocentrism.
B) habituation.
C) conservation.
D) accommodation.
48. Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2-year-old son and then
allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to:
A) touch his own nose.
B) touch the mirror at the point where the lipstick shows.
C) wave at his mirror image as if it were another child.
D) assimilate the lipstick mark into his existing self-concept.
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49. The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is
called:
A) attachment.
B) imprinting.
C) habituation.
D) assimilation.
E) the rooting reflex.
50. Infants first demonstrate a preference for their mother's voice over the voices of other
women by the time they are ________ old.
A) 1 day
B) 1 week
C) 10 days
D) 2 weeks
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