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Large deformation, instabilities, damage and activity in soft materials Shengqiang Cai Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego Extremely Stretchable and Tough Gels Water >95 wt%: maintain most chemical/physical properties of water, yet it is a solid Fracture toughness of the hydrogel is comparable to tire rubber! We can make even better gels Add a tiny amount of electrospun polymer nanofibers We can make even better gels Make gel porous: accelerate its kinetics 0 min 40 s 0 min 30 min Novel Applications of Gels (1) Use gel layer to cool down a structure Shuang Cui et al, Bio-inspired Effective and Regenerable Building Cooling Using Tough Hydrogels, Applied Energy,2016 Novel Applications of Gels (2) Stretchable and transparent ionic diode Ionic logic gate Light-induced large deformation in LCE Light on light Liquid crystal elastomer + CNTs Light off Walking robot driven by light Mechanochromatic Films Stretch-Induced Color Change Self-healing in Liquid Crystal Elastomer Liquid crystal elastomer can be self-healable UV illumination Strain=100% Strain=200% Voltage-induced deformation in DEs Biomimetic bilayer DE devices Voltage off Voltage on Fundamental mechanics of soft materials Creasing in an elastomer under severe compression Fundamental mechanics of soft materials Wrinkles in an elastomer covered by a stiff thin film Mechanical characterization of soft materials Puncture of cartilage for assessment of local fracture toughness Conclusions 1. Mechanics may play an central role in designing new soft materials with unusual properties such as high toughness and high stretchability, and exploring new applications of soft materials. 2. Synthesis of new soft materials stimulates many exciting applications such as soft robots, iontronics, and artificial muscle etc. 3. New models and techniques need to be developed for mechanical characterization of soft materials.