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Monroe Doctrine
Origins
• Russian interest in
extending Alaska.
• Began in 1741 when Vitus
Bering crosses into Alaska.
• 1821, Czar Alexander I sets
the southern border at the
51st parallel, almost to
present-day San Francisco,
and refuses to allow foreign
ships into the area.
Russian Colonies in North America
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Monroe Doctrine
Origins
• Reclamation of Latin America.
• Spain is too weak to win it back by
force.
• Congress of Verona, 1822.
• Russia, Austria, France, and
Prussia vow to regain the land
for Spain in the name of
“legitimacy” and stability.
Simon Bolivar
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Monroe Doctrine
Origins
• Great Britain.
• Great Britain profits by the rebellions.
• No longer has to deal with Spain.
• Negotiates profitable deals.
• Proposes a joint declaration with the United States.
• Oppose French intervention.
• Neither country would agree not to annex the land for
themselves.
• Did not recognize the new republics.
• Increase Anglo-American relations.
Monroe Doctrine
Rejection of British Offer
• JQ Adams persuades Monroe to
reject Britain’s offer.
• America had already recognized the
new nations.
• Did not want to help Great Britain gain
favorable trade relations.
• To agree would abandon any hope of
the United States to gain Cuba or other
territories.
Monroe Doctrine
Annual Message to Congress, 1823
• Better known as the Monroe
Doctrine.
• New nations are not to be
considered future European
colonial subjects.
• Europe’s political system was
“essentially different” from the
ones developing in the
American continents.
• U.S. will not interfere with
existing European colonies in
the Americas.
The Monroe Doctrine
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Monroe Doctrine
Annual Message to Congress, 1823
• Better known as the Monroe
Doctrine.
James Monroe
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/monroe.jpg
• U.S. will not interfere in purely
European affairs.
• Any attempt to extend
European control would be a
“manifestation of an
unfriendly disposition toward
the United States” and
consequently a threat to the
nation’s “peace and safety.”
Monroe Doctrine
Immediate Impact
• Gained little immediate notice
in Europe or Latin America.
• The United States did not
have the resources to police
the Western Hemisphere.
• European statesmen
dismissed it as arrogant.
• Latin Americans knew better
than to count on American
aid in case of attack.
Monroe Doctrine
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Monroe Doctrine
Immediate Impact
• Monroe perfectly expressed the future principles of
a stronger America.
• Considered the culminating stage of American
independence.
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Declaration of Independence.
Revolutionary War.
Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793.
Jay’s Treaty and the removal of British forts in the West.
End of the French Alliance.
Louisiana Purchase ensures control of the Mississippi.
The War of 1812.
Adams-Onís Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty).
The Monroe Doctrine.