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Mid-Term Examination
Introduction to Psychology
Talbot
1.
Multiple Choice – select the one option that best answers each question.
What are the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
a. somatic and autonomic
b. autonomic and sympathetic
c. parasympathetic and somatic
d. central and parasympathetic
2.
How would you elicit the rooting reflex in your newborn niece?
a. lightly stroke her cheek
b. stroke the bottom of her foot
c. shine a light in the direction of her eyes
d. hold her by the hands while her feet dangle
3.
Which of these correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables
that are moving in the same direction?
a. -.13
b. +.38
c. +.76
d. -.89
4.
A multiple choice question makes greatest use of which type of memory measurement?
a. recall
b. recognition
c. relearning
d. redintegration
5.
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology today?
a. a profession in which researchers attempt to explain emotional responses.
b. the scientific study of why people act the way they do.
c. the science of animal behavior and mental processes.
d. the science of human behavior and mental processes.
6.
Which division of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress or danger?
a. central
b. somatic
c. sympathetic
d. parasympathetic
7.
The parasympathetic system attempts to bring the body back to its optimal level of functioning,
also known as:
a. stability.
b. equilithium.
c. homeostasis.
d. physiological balance.
8.
Which of the following is classified as a depressant?
a. alcohol
b. cocaine
c. marijuana
d. amphetamines
9.
Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that
you can be?"
a. safety
b. self-esteem
c. belongingness
d. self-actualization
10.
What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and
thoughts?
a. thinking
b. cognition
c. conscience
d. consciousness
11.
Biological changes occurring on a daily (24 hour) schedule are called
a. biorhythms.
b. biophasic rhythms.
c. ultradian rhythms.
d. circadian rhythms.
12.
Which of the following is the best description of REM sleep?
a. light sleep dominated by delta waves
b. deep sleep dominated by alpha waves
c. sleep with a low probability of dreaming
d. sleep with a high probability of dreaming
13.
Which term describes a relatively permanent change in behavior or the potential to make a
response that occurs as a result of experience?
a. learning
b. cognition
c. maturation
d. perception
14.
What must you pair together for classical conditioning to occur?
a. neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus
b. neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
c. conditioned response and unconditioned response
d. unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response
15.
Which two senses respond to the presence of chemical molecules?
a. smell and vision
b. hearing and vision
c. touch and hearing
d. taste and smell
16.
What term do psychologists use to designate a specific amount of time during development when
certain damage or processes can or should take place?
a. pivotal stage
b. critical period
c. developmental sequence
d. developmental interval
17.
A researcher stops people at the mall and asks them questions about their attitudes toward gun
control. Which research technique is being used?
a. survey
b. experiment
c. case study
d. naturalistic observation
18.
Which is the typical sequence of Kubler-Ross's stages of dealing with and understanding death?
a. anger, bargaining, depression, denial, acceptance
b. depression, denial, bargaining, anger, acceptance
c. bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance
d. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
19.
What branch of psychology examines processes such as thinking?
a. mentalism
b. behavioral psychology
c. cognitive psychology
d. contemplative psychology
20.
As shown by the “curve of forgetting”, memory loss occurs
a. as learning is still going on.
b. not until three to four hours after the learning trial is over.
c. very rapidly at first and then tends to level off or show a slow decline.
d. slowly at first but is essentially complete within one hour.
T&F
21. A psychologist is typically a medical doctor who not only understands psychological theory,
but can also prescribe psychiatric medications?
22. In preparation for his master's thesis, Al spends some time in the local mall observing the
behavior of shoppers. His notes reveal a tendency for people to smile when someone, even a
stranger, smiles at them. Later in the semester, he designs a questionnaire that asks questions of
participants concerning their typical reactions when someone smiles. He wonders if the gender,
style of dress, and age of a person who smiles creates or causes changes on returned smiles, so
he designs research to answer this question. In order, Al used the research methods: case study,
survey, experiment, naturalistic observation.
23. Research participants who experience the independent variable are part of the control group,
whereas participants who are not exposed to the independent variable constitute the experimental
group.
24. The endocrine system is made up of glands whose secretions pass directly into the
bloodstream or lymph system
25. Engram is the term used for the basic cells of the nervous system?
26. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals stored in the axon terminals that allow the transmission
of nerve impulses between neurons?
27. Causation is typically easy to prove in a psychological study or experiment.
28. One of the primary ethical considerations for research is to “maximize profitability”.
29. Attachment is that close emotional bond between parents (caregivers) and offspring.
30. In the Nature vs. Nurture debate, the effects of nurture do not begin until the child is born.
31. Paradoxical sleep is the term sleep researchers use to designate Stages 1 to 4 of sleep.
32. If you have been waking up too early for several weeks, you are probably suffering from
reverse insomnia.
33. Jim is 56 years old, slightly overweight, with elevated blood pressure. His wife reports that he
snores loudly. Jim may be suffering from sleep apnea.
34. Repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus
(US) leads to generalization.
35. Last month Greg became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs.
Greg has experienced taste-aversion learning.
36.The person who continues writing 2014 on their checks, even after the beginning of 2015
would be suffering from proactive interference.
37. Classical conditioning involves the learning or changing of voluntary behaviors whereas
Operant Conditioning involves affecting more involuntary or reflexive behaviors.
38. Long-term memory is considered to be relatively permanent with virtually unlimited storage
capacity.
39. Puberty is defined as a biological event in which a person becomes sexually mature and
capable of reproduction.
40. You see a car just like your friend’s drive past you as you walk across campus but only see
the driver for a second. Upon seeing him the next day you inform him that you saw him driving on
campus and that he drove past you without waving. Your friend states that he was not even on
campus yesterday. You may have just experienced what psychologists call a sensory illusion.
Short Answer Questions
Answer the following questions thoroughly. Make sure to answer each part of the question (up to 4 pts
each).
41.
What are ethical guidelines (define) and identify at least 3 which psychologists must follow.
42.
Label the four lobes, describing at least one area for which each lobe is responsible.
43.
List and describe the four types of parenting styles discussed in class. With which one are the
most beneficial outcomes associated?
44.
Describe and identify the four schedules of partial reinforcement and give an example of each:
45.
Define positive and negative reinforcement? How are positive and negative reinforcement
different? How are they similar? Give examples of each.
Extra credit (up to 5 pts)
List and describe the five stages of facing death and loss as proposed by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross
Answer Sheet
Midterm Examination
Introduction to Psychology
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Name:
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Score
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Back
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Answer Sheet
You may answer question 46 for up to 5 points extra credit, on the back side of this sheet.