Download the respiratory system

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Lesson Objectives
Describe the function of the respiratory system
Describe the mechanisms of breathing
Describe respiratory volumes
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Functions of the respiratory system:
• Gaseous exchange
• Mechanisms of breathing
• Lung volumes
INTERNAL CELL RESPIRATION
Haemoglobin in red blood cells carries O2 in
the blood travelling through the arteries.
The blood travels through the circulatory
network to the capillaries.
O2 & other nutrients pass easily through the
thin capillary walls.
At the same time CO2 & other waste move
from the cells to the blood in the capillaries.
The blood is now deoxygenated.
The blood travels back to the heart through
the veins where O2 is loaded into the blood
through external respiration again.
HAEMOGLOBIN
RESPIRATORY
RESPONSES – NEURAL &
CHEMICAL CONTROL
1. Stretch receptors in
lungs detect increase in
rate and depth of
breathing
2. The respiratory centres
(the medulla) send nerve
impulses to the
respiratory muscles that
controls breathing
frequency and tidal
volume each breath
3. The respiratory centres
are responding to central
nervous
system
and
peripheral nervous system
information.
4. Other information comes
from chemoreceptors (i.e.
within aortic arch and
carotid
bodies)
and
mechanoreceptors in joints,
tendons and active muscles
that assess movement and
metabolic status
LUNG CAPACITY
TLC –Total Lung Capacity
IC – Inspiratory Capacity
IRV – Inspiratory Reserve Volume
VC – Vital Capacity
VT – Tidal Volume
ERV – Expiratory Reserve Volume
FRC – Functional Residual Capacity
RV – Residual Volume
CHANGES WITH EXERCISE
When we
exercise we need
more O2 & need to
remove more CO2.
This can be done by;
AIR CHANGES IN THE LUNGS
INSPIRED AIR
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
EXPIRED AIR
79%
21%
0.04%
NITROGEN
79%
OXYGEN
16%
CARBON DIOXIDE
4%
Increased breathing
rate.
Increased depth of
breathing up to Vital
Capacity.
Increased blood
flow through the
lungs.
Increased O2 taken
up by the body.
BREATHING CHANGES DURING EXERCISE
ADULT
RESTING
DURING EXERCISE
TIDAL VOLUME
0.5 LITRES
2.5 LITRES
RESPIRATORY RATE
12 BREATHS PER MIN
30 BREATHS PER MIN.
MINUTE VOLUME
6 LITRES PER MIN.
75 LITRES PER MIN.
RECAP
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