* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ancient India Section 2 - Elmwood Park Public Schools
Survey
Document related concepts
Sri Vaishnavism wikipedia , lookup
Atharvaveda wikipedia , lookup
California textbook controversy over Hindu history wikipedia , lookup
Dharmaśāstra wikipedia , lookup
History of Shaktism wikipedia , lookup
Buddhism and Hinduism wikipedia , lookup
Hinduism in Indonesia wikipedia , lookup
Women in Hinduism wikipedia , lookup
Invading the Sacred wikipedia , lookup
Hindu views on evolution wikipedia , lookup
Vishishtadvaita wikipedia , lookup
Dayananda Saraswati wikipedia , lookup
Brahma Sutras wikipedia , lookup
Indra's Net (book) wikipedia , lookup
Neo-Vedanta wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Ancient India Section 2 Origins of Hinduism Origins of Hinduism The Big Idea Hinduism, the largest religion in India today, developed out of ancient Indian beliefs and practices. Main Ideas • Indian society divided into distinct groups under the Aryans. • The Aryans practiced a religion known as Brahmanism. • Hinduism developed out of Brahmanism and influences from other cultures. • The Jains reacted to Hinduism by breaking away to form their own religion. Indian Society Divides Varnas Social divisions in Aryan society Brahmins Priests Kshatriyas Rulers and warriors Vaisyas Farmers, craftspeople, and traders Sudras Laborers and non-Aryans Caste System Individuals • Place in society based on birth, wealth, or occupation • 3,000 castes once existed in India. • Individuals could rarely change castes. Caste Rules • Sutras (guides) listed all the rules for the caste system. • Breaking rules resulted in a transfer to a lower class. Brahmanism develops into Hinduism Brahmanism • Aryan priests were called Brahmins. • Wrote Vedic texts, which were their thoughts about the Vedas Evolving Beliefs The Vedas, Upanishads, and other Vedic texts began blending with beliefs from different cultures, creating Hinduism. Hinduism • Many gods • Reincarnation: could be reborn into new forms and castes • Men and women could both gain salvation, but women were inferior. Jains React to Hinduism Origins of Jainism • 599 BC, established as an alternative to Hindu ritualism • Based on the teachings of Mahavira, who abandoned his life of luxury to become a monk Four Principles of Jainism • Injure no life. • Tell the truth. • Do not steal. • Own no property. Chapter 5 Section 2 pages 130-135 Origins of Hinduism Religion Brahmanism Polytheism Priest were called Brahmins Origins Based on the Rigveda, oldest of the Vedas, written before 1000 BC Based also on a final group of Vedas text are Upanishads from 600 BC Hinduism Developed out of Brahmanism Hinduism believes in many gods, but and influences from other they believe that all the gods are cultures aspects of a single universal spirit called Vedas Brahman. Three aspects of Brahman are Upanishads particularly important in Hinduism; Ideas from Persia and other Brahman, Siva, and Vishnu Central Asian Kingdoms Polytheism Teachings Priest believed fire would carry a sacrifice to the gods Gods Brahma A universal spirit named Brahman created the universe and everything in it. Everything in the world is just part of Brahman. Every person has a soul or Atman that will eventually join with Brahman. People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join Brahman. A person’s karma affects how he or she will be reincarnated Salvation is called moksha Dharma is a set of spiritual duties Karma is the effects that good and bad actions have on a person’s soul Brahma Siva Vishnu Jainism/Jains (Atheist) Mahavira 559 BC Ahimsa – practice of nonviolence Every soul is the architect of their own life Sikhism/Sikhs (Monotheistic) Guru Nanak 1400 AD Blend of Hinduism, Islam and other religions Reunite with god after death Wear 5 items; long hair, small comb, steel bracelet, a sword, and a special Gurus undergarment