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Questions
Q1.
Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when a pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol.
The diagram shows the development of the embryo and fetus during its time in the uterus.
The bars show the time period during which fetal alcohol syndrome can cause an abnormality in a
specific body part.
The darker the bar, the more likely an abnormality will occur in that body part.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The body part most likely to be affected by fetal alcohol syndrome throughout pregnancy is the
(1)
A central nervous system
B heart
C arms
D eyes
(ii) State the period of time when a defect in the development of the legs is most likely to occur.
(1)
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(b) (i) Alcohol is a drug.
Define the term drug.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why alcohol is classed as a depressant.
(2)
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(c) (i) Describe a long-term effect of alcohol abuse.
(2)
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(ii) Discuss the ethics of allowing alcoholics to have an organ transplant.
(2)
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(Total for Question is 10 marks)
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Answer
a(i)
a(ii)
b (i)
b(ii)
c(i)
A – central nervous
system
4 – 7 weeks
A definition including
any two of the
following:
 a chemical
substance (1)
 has an effect on
the body / nervous
system / brain (1)
 causing
psychological /
physiological /
behavioural changes
(1)
An explanation
including two of the
following:
 increases
reaction times /
slows down impulses
/ reactions(1)
 slows down the
activity of the brain /
nervous system (1)
 acts on
neurotransmission
/at the synapse (1)
A description linking
the following points:
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
Accept 4 ½ - 7 ½
4 – 7 ½
4½ - 7
causing
changes in
behaviour / addiction
(1)
(2)
(2)
accept – other
organ damage
(2)
c(ii)
 addiction /
alcoholism (1)
 liver / brain
/kidney damage (1)
 cirrhosis / cancer
(1)
A suggestion linking
two of the following
points:
 alcoholics have
caused their liver to
fail by their addiction
(1)
 if alcoholics
continue to drink, the
organ could be
damaged (1)
 other people
may deserve the
liver transplant more
(1)
 addiction is an
illness(1)
 everybody has a
right to life (1)
related to alcohol
abuse but ignore
lung damage
alcoholics damage
their own liver /
people choose to be
alcoholics
it is
not their fault they
are addicted
alcoholics may die if
they do not get a
transplant
(2)