Download Imperialism -Yea Uen

Mr. Klatt
Humanities
My Notes
Section title: The Scramble for Africa
Text or page #: pg. 345 ~ 350
A New Period of
Imperialism
- Imperialism of 18th-19th century was different from 15th and 16th
centuries.
- During this time, Europeans demanded more influence over the
economic, political and social lives of the people, also to form the
economies of the and to benefit European economies, wanted people to
adopt European customs
- Forms of control  European nations had certain policies and goals
for establishing colonies. Four form of colonial control emerged:
colony, protectorate, sphere of influence and economic imperialism
- Methods of Management: also developed methods of day-to-day
management of the colony. Two methods  Britain and other nationssuch as the US in its Pacific Island colonies—preferred indirect control.
France and others had direct control
- Indirect control  relied on existing political rulers, each colony had a
legislative council that included colonial officials as well as local
merchants an professionals nominated by the colonial governor
- Developed policy called paternalism (Direct control) Europeans
governed people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not
giving them rights Europeans brought their own bureaucrats and did
not train local people in European methods of governing
- The French also supported a policy of assimilation Based on the
idea that in time, the local population would adopt French culture and
become like the French schools, institutionsrecognized local
culture but was seen inferior to French culture.
- Nigeria was hard to ‘manage’ because it was the most culturally
diverse areas in Africa 250 different ethnic groups lived there (
Hausa-Fulani- north had centralized government, Yoruba- southwest,
classic, relied on chief, Igbo- southeast- )
- British indirectly governed this place worked well with HausaFulani but not with the other two
African Resistance
- Many in Africa detested the colonization, the British had too strong
arms although the Africans had great military ability
- Unsuccessful movements: active military resistance and resistance
through religious movements. Ex: Algeria’s almost 50 year resistance to
French rule. Led by Samori Toure in West Africa against the French 
16 years
- Africans in German East Africa put their faith in spiritual defense
resisted the Germans’ insistence that they plant cotton, a cash crop for
export, rather than attend to their own food crops.
- In 1905 maji maji (magic water) sprinkled on their bodies would
return the German bullets back to them united to fight together with
the belief that the gods and ancestors will help them  it was
unsuccessfully 75000 dead made reforms after
- Only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans mostly
Mr. Klatt
Humanities
by Menelik II
- He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889 played Italians, French and
British against each other. In the meantime, he built up a large arsenal of
modern weapons purchased from France and Russia
- In 1889 signed treaty with Italy, he discovered differences in of the
treaty with Italy and Ethiopian  he thought he was loosing a small
portion of Africa, but Italians claimed it was protectorate
- Italians forces advancing into northern Ethiopia Menelik declared
war
- In 1896 battle of Adowa, Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the
Italians and kept their nation independent
The Legacy of
Colonial Rule
- Negative side:
a). Lost independence, culture, land, languages, caught smallpox or
new diseases and died, famines and wars resulted death
- Positive side:
b). Reduced local warfare, provided hospitals and schools, lifespan
increased and literacy rates, economic expansion and growth,
transportation were built
Mr. Klatt
Questions I have or, possible Quiz Questions
Humanities